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Thischapterwillanswerthefollowingquestions:
WhydoesEUagriculturerequirefinancialsupport?
Whataretheobjectives,principlesandfinancialtoolsofthecommonagricul-
turalpolicy?
Howisthescopeofsupportforagriculturedetermined?
Whatistheessenceofthesecondpillarofthecommonagriculturalpolicy?
WhatarethefinancialcircumstancesbehindtheEUcommonagriculturalpolicy?
Whatisthescaleofthecostsofthecommonagriculturalpolicy?
Howdodirectpaymentswork?
WhatisthescopeofEUfinancialtransfersinsupportofagricultureandrural
areasinPoland?
3.1.Whydoesagriculturerequirefinancialsupport?
Asasectoroftheeconomyandawayofmanagementwithinthemarketeconomysys-
tem,agricultureintheEuropeanUnionrequiresexternalfinancing,especiallyoncewe
takeintoaccountthepoliticalnecessityofensuringfoodsecurity,aswellasenvironmen-
taldeterminantsandtheeconomicandsocialspecificity.Agriculturalmanagementand
itsproductionresultsarestronglyrelatedtoenvironmentalandclimatedeterminants,
whichcreatesahighrisk.Asasectorcharacterizedbyhighfragmentationandspecificity
ofitseconomicsubjects,agriculturehascharacteristicallylowcompetitivenessandsees
itseconomicsurplusflowouttoothereconomicsectors.Withoutstateinterventionand
support,bothfinancialandthroughothermeans,itwouldbeimpossibleforfarmers
toreachsatisfactoryfinancialresultsandbothagricultureandruralregionswouldbe
fatedtoever-deepeningdegradationanddecay.Apolicyofinterventionismandsupport
foragriculturehasbeeninstitutedbyalmostallcountriesacrosstheworld,eventhose
withparticularlybeneficialenvironmentalconditions.Stateinterventionism,manifested
intheimplementedagriculturalpolicy,ischaracterizedbyhighvariationastothescale
andformofstateinvolvement.Numerousmethodsofanalysisandassessmenthavebeen
createdtomeasuretheimplementedpolicies,aswellastheirimpactonfarmers,state
andsociety(taxpayers).
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