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Ascanbeseen,Piagetstronglyemphasisestheinterrelationoflanguageand
cognitiveprocesses.Heinsistsonthepriorityofthoughtoverlanguage,the
formerwarrantingtheacquisitionofthelatter.InPiaget’sview,the
establishmentofasystemofsymbolicrepresentationisaprerequisiteforthe
emergenceofasoundsystemanditisthechild,who,havinginheritedcognitive
capacities,createsamentalrepresentationoftheworldinitsmindand
consequentlymastersitsnativelanguage.TheroleofPiaget’sconstructivist
viewcannotbeunderestimatedsinceithasbeenthemodelforseveral
subsequenttheoriesoflanguageacquisitionofcognitiveorientation.
1.2.Chomsky’sUniversalGrammar
Yetanotherfloodofcriticismofbehaviouristtheoriesoflanguage
acquisitioncamefromChomsky’stheoryofUniversalGrammar.Ashasalready
beenstated,inthe1960sandatthebeginningofthe1970sitwasNoam
Chomskyandhismodeloffirstlanguageacquisitionthatwasconsideredtobe
capableofprovidingapowerfulmeansofdescribingandexplainingchildren’s
earlygrammaticaldevelopment.Themajorassumptionsofthistheory,stemming
fromtheharshcriticismofbehaviourism,wereputforwardinChomsky’s
reviewofSkinner’sVerbalBehaviourpublishedin1959.
Firstandforemost,thebehaviouristhypothesisthatchildrenlearn
exclusivelyduetotheirimitativeskillswastotallydiscreditedbyChomskyon
thegroundsofthecreativityoflanguage.Suchcommonexamplesas:Igoedor
footsshowclearlythatchildrennotonlydonotcopylanguagefromtheir
environmentbutalsoareawareoftheexistenceofgrammaticalrulesandput
thisknowledgeintopractice.Anotherargumentagainstbehaviourismisthat
childrenproduceamultitudeofsentencesneverheardbeforesotheycannotbe
justmerelyreproducingstringsofwords.
Secondly,takingintoconsiderationboththedegeneratelanguageinput
(spokenlanguageisfulloffalsestarts,slipsofthetongue,etc.)andalsothe
complexityandabstractnessoflinguisticrules,itisastonishingthatchildren
managetomasterthegrammarsystemrelativelyquicklyandefficiently.This
issuehasbeenreferredtoasPlato)sproblem(Chomsky(1987))anditpointsto
thefactthatitishardlyconceivablethatsomestructuralpropertiesoflanguage
canbeacquiredjustonthebasisoflanguagesamplesfromthechildren’s
environment.
InordertoaccountforthesephenomenaChomskyclaimsthatchildren
possessaninnatelanguagefacultyleadingthemintheiracquisitionoflanguage.
Hesubscribestothematurationistview,accordingtowhichgrammatical
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