Polish economy 1918-2018

Michał Gabriel Woźniak

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-01-21521-7

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Rok wydania:

2020

Liczba stron:

218

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Woźniak, Michał Gabriel. Polish economy 1918-2018. Red. . : Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2020, 218 s. ISBN 978-83-01-21521-7

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Woźniak, M.G.

T1 Polish economy 1918-2018

PB Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

YR 2020

SN 978-83-01-21521-7

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 235076, author = "Woźniak, Michał Gabriel", editor = "", title = "Polish economy 1918-2018", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN", year = "2020", address = "", isbn = "978-83-01-21521-7" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Woźniak, Michał Gabriel

ED -

TI - Polish economy 1918-2018

PB - Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

CY -

PY - 2020

SN - 978-83-01-21521-7

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Woźniak, Michał Gabriel. Polish economy 1918-2018 [baza danych online] : Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2020 [dostęp: 20 04 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/polish-economy-1918-2018-michal-gabriel-wozniak-235076.

polish economy, integrated development, innovative economy

History is a source of red flags. However, one must learn to read them and distinguish what is barely temporary in its nature from what can lasts for centuries. System reforms that support the efficiency of these systems cannot be carried out with...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-01-21521-7

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Rok wydania:

2020

Liczba stron:

218

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Introduction8
CHAPTER 1. From liberalism to interventionism (1918–1939)18
1.1. Post-partition challenges and the Polish economy18
1.2. From inflation to stabilised development23
1.3. The shock of the Great Crisis29
1.4. Belated economic interventionism32
1.5. Conclusions34
CHAPTER 2. The communist experiment (1945–1989)38
2.1. Instead of an introduction38
2.2. Socialist industrialisation41
2.3. An attempt to harmonise the development and to reform the system46
2.4. After the martial law, or market socialism without the market and self-government56
2.5. Conclusions, or the roots of the concept of transition to capitalism62
CHAPTER 3. Winding paths to build a market economy (1990–2018)72
3.1. Transformational shock and postponed active adaptations72
3.2. The first attempt to integrate development processes – “Strategy for Poland”81
3.3. Towards public sector reforms and supply adjustments87
3.4. Has the local government reform broken the monopoly of uniform state authority?96
3.5. Deregulation of the labour market99
3.6. Controversial recipes for reforms of formal education and science development106
3.7. Attempts to overcome disintegration of the health care system117
3.8. Unfortunate liberalisation of the pension system124
3.9. Effects of implementing the EU socio-economic coherence pattern and continuing diffusion-polarisation development (2004–2015)134
3.10. Responsible development (2016–?)157
CHAPTER 4. Lessons to be learnt for the future, or why integrated development and modernisation of human capital are desirable172
List of Tables196
List of Figures197
References198
Item index208

1.Fromliberalismtointerventionism(1918–1939)

TheauthorsoftheCatholichistoricalschoolinPolisheconomy,associatedwith

Christiandemocracy,approvedprivateproperty,butcalledfortherestrictionofthe

so-calledhypertrophyinthesphereofdivision(todaywewouldsaycapitalistdistri-

butioninefficiencies)byinculcatingtheprinciplesofCatholicethicsincapitalists

andworkers(priestAntoniSzymański,1881–1943;LudwikGórski,1894–1946).In

theviewoftheAustrianschool,thewastefulconsumptionbyaristocracyandlanded

gentryinvestingtoolittleinthemodernisationoftheirestates[Czerkawski,1896]

wasalsocriticised.Economicprogramsrecommending,amongothers,resolving

overpopulationandpauperisationofthemajorityofthepeasantpopulationbylimit-

ingthepopulationgrowthandacceleratingthecountry’seconomicdevelopmentby

importingcapitalandfightingcartelisation[Krzyżanowski,1928]wereformulated.

BycombiningthepuretheoryoftheAustrianschoolwithGermanhistoricaland

sociologicalconcepts,RomanRybarski(1887–1942)derivedanationalistpolitical

andeconomicprogramwhichwaslookedforwardtobytheNationalDemocratic

Party,inwhichheattributedtheessentialroletothefeaturesofthenationalpsyche.

ThemostinfluentialeconomistoftheinterwarperiodAdamKrzyżanowskiacted

asadefenderoftheprinciplesofliberalism,justifyingthembyemphasisinghuman

natureandpetty-bourgeoisethics.Intheethicaldimension,hestronglycriticised

inflationandstatism.

Thecatastrophicinflationanddeflationintheearly1920scausedadisputeover

WładysławGrabski’smonetaryreform.Therewerealsodebatesaboutthemethods

offinancingthedevelopmentofthePolisheconomy,capitalimports,andissues

relatedtofreetrade,autarkyandstatism.

Pureneoclassicaleconomicswascriticisedbythemostprominentrepresentative

oftheLausanneMathematicalSchoolinPoland,WładysławZawadzki(1885–1939),

theMinisteroftheTreasuryinthetimesoftheGreatDepression,whoaccuseditof

lackingaqualitative,institutional,social,legal,technicalelement,andthereforehe

aimedatmakingtheneoclassicaltheoryofequilibriummorerealisticbystudyingthe

socialdeterminantsofproduction[Zawadzki,1923].InthetimesoftheGreatDepres-

sion,astheMinisteroftheTreasuryhenonethelessadhered,inhispracticalactivity,

tothecanonsofthequantitativetheoryofmoneyandtheliberalmarketeconomy’s

abilitytobalancemarkets,becauseintheconditionsofcapitalshortageandgreatun-

employment,monetaristinterventionandsocialpolicycouldnotbringpositiveresults.

Inthedebateonunemploymentandovercomingthecrisis,MichałKaleckipre-

sentedin1933theoriginaldemandtheoryofthenationalincome,whichinsome

respectscontainedanapproachtothestudyoftheeconomicsituationthatwasmore

interestingthanthatofJohnMaynardKeynes,anditwasinoppositiontoneoclas-

sicalrecipesderivedfromtheparadigmsofthethenneoclassicaleconomics.1Inhis

view,thedeclineinwagescausedbythecrisisdoesnotincreaseproduction,butonly

J.M.KeynespublishedhistheorythreeyearslaterthanM.Kalecki.See[Kalecki,1933;Keynes,

1936].Tracesofhistheoryofeconomicsituationandtheeffectivenessofhisanti-crisisprescriptionsare

visibleintheactionsundertakenintheUSaftertheoutbreakofthelastglobalfinancialcrisisin2008.

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Polish economy 1918-2018

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