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JAKUBROK
lessstudiedconsequencesforexposedpopulations,includingreducedsubjective
wellbeing(Ambreyetal.2014).
APisalocalisedphenomenon,particularlyacuteinurbanareas,withover80%
oftheworldurbanpopulationbeingaffectedbyAPlevelsexceedingtheWHO
limits(WHO2018).PolishcitiesstandoutasthemostpollutedinEurope(WHO
2018),aneffectaccentuatedbyapproximately44,500prematuredeathsperyear
attributedsolelytofineparticulatematter(PM
2.5)(EEA2018).Theawarenessof
thedriversandconsequencesofAPisgrowingbothlocallyandglobally,butthe
problemremainsunresolved(UNGC2018).Understandingthebroaderimplica-
tionsofAPforhumanwellbeingisthusavitalresearchtask.
Thistaskoverlapswiththeoverarchingglobalchallengeofshapingasustain-
ablemodeofsocio-environmentalrelations(O’Neilletal.2018).Thesustain-
ablepathrequireslearningto“valuewhatmatters”tostopthedestructionofthe
life-supportingsystems.Thevibrantfieldofsubjectivewellbeing(SWB)studies
allowstoreframetheinevitablelimitstoresourceconsumptionasamovefrom
quantitativeexpansiontoqualitativeimprovement(MacKerronandMourato
2009;Stiglitzetal.2018).Bydemonstratingthebenefitsderivedbyhumans
fromhigherlevelsofenvironmentalqualityintheirsurroundings,SWBprovides
asolidfoundationforinclusionofenvironmentalsphereinthedevelopmentcon-
siderations.
Theremainingpartofthearticleisstructuredasfollows:Section2reviews
theliteratureonSWBanditsrelationtoAPandformulatesresearchquestions,
Section3introducesthestudyareaanddatasources,Section4describesmethods
usedtoanswertheresearchquestions,theresultsarepresentedinSection5,and
Section6concludes.
2.Literaturereview
SWBisdefinedasindividuals’overallevaluationsoftheirlivesandemotional
experiences,butitisalsoanumbrellatermthatencompassessuchconceptsas
lifesatisfactionorhappiness,appliedinnumeroussocio-economicinvestigations
(Dieneretal.2016)2.Itbuildsonanotionofexperiencedutility,addressingthe
limitationsoftherationalchoicemodel,e.g.cognitivebiasandasymmetryof
information(KahnemanandKrueger2006).Agrowingbodyofresearchsup-
portstheheuristicvalueofSWBmeasures,demonstratingitsreliability(Frey
etal.2010),andusefulnessforpolicymaking(OdermattandStutzer2017).The
SWBresearchlooksbeyondtraditionaleconomicdeterminantsofwellbeing,
highlightingtheroleofmorequalitativepersonalandsocialfeatures,e.g.health,
civilstatus,trust,socialcohesion,housingquality,unemployment(seeGraham
2005forareview).Increasingly,theSWBresearchpaysattentiontothespatial
aspect,demonstratingthesignificanceofenvironmentalconditionsforhuman
2Throughoutthearticle,weusethetermSWBtorefertothebroadconceptofsubjective
wellbeing,whilehappiness(orHappy)andlifesatisfaction(orLS)refertoparticularapproaches
tomeasuringSWB.
