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2
GrowthofABO
Crystals
3andBO
2
SławomirMielcarek
1,AndrzejMajchrowski2
1FacultyofPhysics,AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego2,61-614Poznan,Poland
2InstituteofAppliedPhysics,MilitaryUniversityofTechnology,
gen.S.Kaliskiego2,00-908Warsaw,Poland
Abstract
Structuralqualityaswellasstoichiometryofcrystallinematerialsarethemain
factorsinfluencingtheirphysicalproperties,andthereforedecideontheirpotential
applications.Bulkcrystallizationofmanyoxideperovskitessufersfrommany
drawbacksduetopropertiesofmelts,existinghigh-temperaturephasetransitions,
andnon-stoichiometry,amongothers.However,tremendousprogressinthin-film
andotherstructuretechnologiesallows,mainlyduetovaportechniques,fabri-
cationofhigh-qualitysamplesforfurtherinvestigationsandapplications.Un-
derstandingofthermodynamicsandkineticsofcrystalgrowth,nucleationpro-
cesses,andknowledgeofpropercrystalgrowthtechniquesisessentialtoobtain
goodqualitycrystals.Thechapterismainlydevotedtocrystalgrowthtechniques
ofchosenoxidecrystals.Thetheoryofcrystalgrowth,duetolimitedspace,is
describedinshort.Givenreferenceswillallowthereaderafullviewintoitscom-
plexityandmanyaspectsofphenomenaconnectedwithcrystallization.Inthelast
partofthechaptermethodsofanalysisofas-growncrystalsaredescribed.
2.1.TheoryofCrystalGrowth
2.1.1.EquilibriumConditions
Singlecrystalgrowthofagivencompoundcanbecarriedoutinacontrol-
lablemanneronlyunderconditionsslightlydeviatingfromtheequilibrium.
Onlyinthiswaysuchdisordersasuncontrolledspontaneouscrystalliza-
tion,dendriticgrowth,orformationofunwantedphasescanbeavoided.
Toachievethisgoalonemusthavepreciseknowledgeontheequilibrium
conditionsinaninvestigatedcrystalgrowthsystem.