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constantpsychosocialstressleadstodisrupConofmentalfuncConsandisaparCcularlysignificant
factorwhichmayleadtomentalandpsychosomaCcillnesses.
InaddiCon,thefollowingmechanismsusuallytakeplace:Duetopsychosocialstress,the
hypothalamus,whichisapartofthediencephalon,producesacorCcotropinreleasingfactor(CRF).
CRFisreleasedmainlyinmeaningfulsituaConswhichonendsnewordangerous.
CRFiniCatesabiochemicalcascade:First,itsCmulatesthepituitaryglandtoreleasean
adrenocorCcotropichormone(ACTH).ACTHsCmulatestheadrenalcortextoreleasecorCsol,also
knownasastresshormone.CorCsolentersthebloodstreamandmakesourbodiesIreadytofightand
run’.MusclesaddmoreIfuel’,ouralertnessisincreased.InnormalcondiCons,corCsolhindersthe
producConofCRFandACTH.Incaseoflong-termpsychosocialstress,abiochemicalreacConis
disturbed.ThebrainisconstantlyfloodedwithexcessiveamountsofCRF.Theresearchconductedat
theUniversityofTrierindicatesthat,probablyduetogeneCc-basedfactors,toolillecorCsolis
releasedinstressfulsituaCons(Cushing’ssyndrome);negaCvehealthconsequencesarealike.
Psychoneuroimmunologyhasconfirmedthatexposuretoconstantpsychosocialstressleadstomental
orpsychosomaCcdisorders(suchasanxiety,depression,losingthewilltolive,lackofmoCvaCon,
inabilitytoconcentrateorsleepdisorders),aswellastoweakeningoftheimmunesystem.Chronic
stressmodifiesthefuncConsofneurotransmilers,hinderstheemergenceofnewnervecellsand
makesthehippocampusshrink.
WhileconducCngcardiologicalresearch,AmericanscienCstsindicatedthatpsychosocialstressblocks
bloodvesselsandleadstotheemergenceofatheroscleroCcplaques.Theresearchconductedonthe
UniversityofTexas,duringwhichillnessesof2,500peopleatage65andbeyondwereanalyzed,has
confirmedthatunhappypeoplearethreeCmesmorelikelytohaveastrokethanhappypeople.Itis
evenmoreevidentincaseofmenratherthanwomen.Thethreatsrelatedtopsychosocialstresswere
alsoindicatedbytheresearchongastriculcers:Stressmayaffecttheemergenceofgastriculcersand
badlyaffecttheirtreatmentorcauserelapse.
IPsychosocialstress(relaCngtophysical,mentaland,aboveall,socialhealth)willconsCtutethis
century’smostsignificantdrivingforcebehindgrowth’thisishowthefuturologistLeoA.Nefiodow
haspredictedthelong-termmegatrends.Evennow,lackofpsychosocialhealthbadlyaffectsthe
successofanenterprise:About40percentoftheGermanemployeeslackmoCvaContowork,sothat
theyputinminimumeffort(innereKündigunginGerman),about60percentofmanagingstaffin
Germanysufferfromneuroses,andone-thirdofpaCentswhoconsultadoctorsufferfrom
psychosomaCcillnesses.
AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizaCon(WHO),anxietydisordersanddepressionscausedby
everydayexposuretostressatworkwillbethesecondmostcommoncauseofaninabilitytowork,
thefirstbeingcardiovasculardiseases.TheresearchersatTHKölnesCmatethesocialcostsofstress
atworkanditsconsequencesatmorethan50billioneuroayear.
Whilediscussingthephenomenonofpsychosocialstress,itisalsoworthmenConingtheburnout
syndrome:Companies’healthinsurancefundsesCmatethateveryninthemployeeinGermanysuffers
fromtheburnoutsyndrome.
TheAssociaConofGermanPensionInsurers(VerbandDeutscherRentenversicherungsträger)noCced
thatmentalillnesses,especiallydepressionandtheburnoutsyndrome,arethemostcommonreasons
forquinngjobs.
AttherequestoftheInsCtuteforNewSocialAnswers(InsCtutfürneuesozialeAntwortenINSA),the
YouGovInsCtuteforPublicOpinionResearch((Meinungsforschungs-InsCtutYouGov)conductedthe
firstcomparaCvecross-generaConalstudy(3055interviewees).Theresultswereasfollows:47