IBUK Libra

PaulinaBiały,MarcinKuczok,MarcinZabawa

signedsystemsofcommunicationlThus,figurativemeaningsarepervasivenot

onlyinphoniclanguages,butinsignedonesaswelllNaturally,therearedif-

ferences,too:inthecaseofphoniclanguages,thefigurativemeaningsusually

appearinentireexpressions;inthecaseofsignedlanguages,bycontrast,only

certainpartsofsigns(suchas,elgl,theshapeofthehand)canrelyonextended

meaningsl

InChapter8,ŁukaszMatuszconcentratesonanimalmetaphors(zoose-

mes)andtheirusageininsultinglTheauthorfocuses,amongothers,on

thelevelofuniversalityofinsultingconstructionsthatemployvariousani-

malmetaphorslInotherwords,Matuszaddressesthequestiontowhatex-

tentdifferentcategoriesofanimalsuseddysphemistically(ilel,asinsults)are

cross-linguisticallyandcross-culturallyuniversalandtowhatextenttheyare

language-andculture-dependentlTheresultsofthestudyindicatethatthere

areindeedsomevisibletendenciespresentinmanylanguageslThus,forex-

ample,thecanine,bovidae,aswellassuidaemetaphors(ilel,centeredaround

dog,cow,andpig,respectively)showahighdegreeofuniversality,asallof

themarewidelyusedasinsultsinmanylanguageslNaturally,casesofcross-

culturalpeculiarities,thatis,instancesofthelackofconsistencyintheusage

ofdysphemisticzoosemesacrosslanguages,alsoappear,numerousexamples

ofwhichcanbefoundinthechapterunderdiscussionlTheauthorunderlines

thatanimalmetaphors,particularlythoseconnectedwithmammals,display

astrongtendencytowardsemanticpejoration,thatis,theyareoftenused

asinsultswithreferencetohumanslInaddition,Matuszmakesatentative

conclusionthatdysphemisticzoosemesmaywellconstitutethemajorityof

human-relatedanimalmetaphorsl

ThechapterbyMonikaZięba-Plebankiewiczdiscussestheinfluenceof

languageontheexpressionofimpolitenessincomputer-mediatedcommunica-

tion(CMC)lTheauthorprovidesanexplanationofthewaythisrelativelynew

formofcommunicationworksandcomparesitwithface-to-faceconversation,

providingadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbothoftheseformsofexchanging

ideaslZięba-Plebankiewiczalsooffersanextensivediscussionofthenotionof

impolitenessbylistingCulpeper’s(2005)impolitenessstrategies,suchasbald

on-recordimpoliteness,positivelnegativeimpoliteness,off-recordimpoliteness,

withholdpoliteness,ormockpolitenesslInherstudy,Zięba-Plebankiewiczcon-

centratesontheasynchronousmodeofCMC,thediscussionboardinparticular,

assheanalyzespostsfollowingchosenPolishandEnglishonlinearticlesin

termsofCulpeper’simpolitenessstrategieslTheresultsoftheanalysisshowthat

PolishusersapplymuchmoreimpoliteexpressionsthantheEnglishoneslThe

prevailingstrategyinPolishdiscussionboardsistheoneofusingtaboowords

andcallingnames,whileintheEnglishones,itistheoneofmockpoliteness,

togetherwithemphasizingone’srelativepowerbycondescending,scorning,or

ridiculinglTheauthoralsoanalyzestheresultswithreferencetothemetaphor

Нет результатов