Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an expression of adaptation to heavy industrial pollution: a case study of the population from Miasteczko Śląskie

Ewa Chudzińska

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-232-2575-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza

Rok wydania:

2013

Liczba stron:

133

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Chudzińska, E.

T1 Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an expression of adaptation to heavy industrial pollution: a case study of the population from Miasteczko Śląskie

PB Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza

PP Poznań

YR 2013

SN 978-83-232-2575-1

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 123211, author = "Chudzińska, Ewa", editor = "", title = "Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an expression of adaptation to heavy industrial pollution: a case study of the population from Miasteczko Śląskie", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza", year = "2013", address = "Poznań", isbn = "978-83-232-2575-1" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Chudzińska, Ewa

ED -

TI - Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an expression of adaptation to heavy industrial pollution: a case study of the population from Miasteczko Śląskie

PB - Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza

CY - Poznań

PY - 2013

SN - 978-83-232-2575-1

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Chudzińska, Ewa. Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an expression of adaptation to heavy industrial pollution: a case study of the population from Miasteczko Śląskie [baza danych online] Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2013 [dostęp: 02 05 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/genetic-diversity-of-scots-pine-pinus-sylvestris-l-as-an-expression-ewa-chudzinska-123211.

Pinus sylvestris, genetic structure, bioindication, heavy metal resistance, microevolutionary adaptation

The aim of the study was to explain why some Pinus sylvestris trees are more resistant to stress factors than others and whether the observed diversity results from natural selection or not. Two subpopulations of Scots pine were analyzed, both of ...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-232-2575-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza

Rok wydania:

2013

Liczba stron:

133

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

1. Introduction 8
2. Literature review11
3. Study area and plant material21
3.1. Characteristics of study area22
3.1.1. Characteristics of soil properties22
3.1.2. Index of forest decline caused by heavy metal pollution23
3.2. Plant material24
3.2.1. Health condition of trees24
3.2.2. The heavy metal content in the needles26
3.3. Statistical analysis27
4. Response of Pinus sylvestris L. population to soil pollution from heavy metals expressed in the morphology and anatomy of needles 28
4.1. Material and methods28
4.1.1. Morphology and anatomy28
4.1.2. Fluctuating asymmetry29
4.2. Results30
4.1.3. Data analysis30
4.2.1. Morphology and anatomy30
4.2.2. Fluctuating asymmetry42
5. Genetic structure of Pinus sylvestris L. population from Miasteczko Śląskie: isoenzymatic variation 47
5.1. Material and methods47
5.1.1. Plant material47
5.1.2. Isozyme analysis47
5.1.3. Data analysis48
5.2. Results49
5.2.1. Allele and genotype frequencies49
5.2.2. Variability between populations54
6. Genetic structure of Pinus sylvestris L. population from Miasteczko Śląskie: nuclear microsatellite variation62
6.1. Material and methods62
6.1.1. Plant material62
6.1.2. DNA preparation and microsatellite analysis62
6.1.3. Data analysis63
6.2. Results64
6.2.1. Allele frequencies64
6.2.2. Genetic variability68
7. The influence of soil pollution on cytogenetic characteristics of Scots pine 74
7.1. Material and methods74
7.1.1. Plant material74
7.1.2. Fixation and cytological analysis74
7.2. Results75
7.1.3. Data analysis75
8. Discussion 83
8.1. Soil contamination83
8.2. Morphological and anatomical variation84
8.3. Isoenzymatic variation90
8.4. Microsatellite diversity96
8.5. Differentiation of cytological characteristics100
General Conclusions 105
References 109
Appendix 120
Zróżnicowanie genetyczne sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) jako wyraz adaptacji do silnych zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych na przykładzie populacji z Miasteczka Śląskiego (Streszczenie) 131

Pahlsson1989;Al-Hiyalyetal.1993;Broadleyetal.2007;Hassan&Aarts

2011).ThereareafewdocumentedcriticalZnconcentrationsfortissuesof

thebroad-leavedtreespecies.Thus,forexample,260ppmZnindryneedles

matterwasfoundtobecriticalintheSitkaspruce(Piceasitchensis),whereas

nosuchdatawasfoundforminimumtoxicityinScotspine(Balsberg-

Pahlsson1989;Dmuchowski&Bytnerowicz1995).Duetohighsusceptibi-

litytoaccumulationofthiselement,pineneedleshaveaparticularrele-

vancefordeterminingthelevelofzincintheenvironment(Nieminen&

Helmisaari1996;Giertychetal.1999;Migaszewskietal.2001).Suchhigh

levelofZncausesadecreaseinphotosynthesisandchlorosis,resultingin

bleachingandwrinklingofleaves,thusslowergrowth.However,sometree

speciessuchasBetulapubescensandB.pendulacanproducevarietiesresis-

tanttotheexcessofzincinthesoil(Brown&Wilkins1985).

Similarlytozinc,copperisamicronutrientwhichallplantsneedto

functionproperly.Itoccursinsoilcombiningwithorganicmatter,clay

mineralsandinotherformssuchassulphates,sulphidesandcarbonates

(Kabata-Pendias2004).CopperistakenupbyplantsintheformofCu2+

ionsorintheformofcopperchelates.Asaco-factorformanyenzymesand

anelectrontransporterinavarietyofbiochemicalreactions,Cuaffects

physiologicalandmetabolicprocessesinplants.Cuisimportanttoseed

production,diseaseresistanceandwaterrelationsinaplant(Helmisaariet

al.1995).Thetoxicitythresholdlevelsareconsideredbetween15and25

ppmCuindryweight.Theexcessofcoppercausesplantpoisoning,harm-

fulaccumulationinchloroplasts,interferenceintheprocessofrespiration

andsynthesisofchlorophyll,andasizeableamountofenzymes.Symptoms

ofCuexcess,initiallyconstitutesdarkgreencolourandthenchlorosis.This

elementishighlyboundtoplasmaproteinsandisoftenretainedinthe

rootsofplantswhichtendtobeshort,thickanddevoidofroothairs

(Prasad&Hagemeyer2004).LikeinthecaseofZn,theexcessofCuin-

creasesabbreviationsandabnormalitiesatroottipmitosis.Thenumberof

cellsundergoingmitosisisdecreasedandthemitoticactivityisdisturbed.

Athighersoillevels,Cucanbeextremelytoxic,althoughseveralplantspe-

ciesareabletoevolveresistantgenotypes(Xiongetal.2008).

CadmiumisanothertypeofHMaccumulatedinsoilsinthevicinityof

non-ferrousmetalsmelters.IntheMŚLsoils,Cdisthesecondheavymetal,

afterzinc,inrespectofconcentrationinsoil.Asanon-essentialmicronutri-

ent,itisconsideredtoxiceveninsmalldoses.Itspresencecausesveryseri-

ousconsequencesinvolvinggrowthretardationanddisorders,i.e.inphoto-

synthesisandtranspirationrate,decreasedabilitytoretrieveCO2,changes

inthepermeabilityofcellmembranesandthestructureofDNA,andmany

more(DiToppi&Gabbrielli1999;Banerjee&Flores-Rozas2005).Cadmium

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Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an expression of adaptation to heavy industrial pollution: a case study of the population from Miasteczko Śląskie

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