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ChapterOne
ThestereotypesofmanandwomaninPoland
—contentandfactorstructures*
EugeniaMandal
AgnieszkaGawor
JacekBuczny
InstituteofPsychology
UniversityofSilesia
InstituteofPsychology
UniversityofOpole
WarsawSchoolofSocialSciencesandHumanities
FacultyinSopot
Introduction
Genderstereotypeshavebeenanobjectofinterestinpsychologyfor
merelythirtyyears.Pioneerresearchonthissubjectwasconductedby
Brovermanetal.(1972)intheUnitedStates,inthe1970s.Itindicated
theexistenceoftwo“concentrations”ofstereotypicaltraits,whichwere
significantlydiferentincontent;i.e.warmthandexpressivenessasthe
femalecontent,andcompetenceandrationalityasthemalestereotype
contents.Inthe1980s,alsointheUSA,DeauxandLewis(1983,1984)
successivelyprovedthatgenderstereotypesdonotconstituteachaotic
anddisorderlysetofgeneralconvictionsaboutthenatureofwomenand
men.Onthecontrary,theypossessacoherentandmulti-levelstructure,
implicatingmutualandcomplexrelationshipswhichdeterminetheso-
cialperceptionofmembersofbothsexes.
Atthesametime,alongwiththesocialandmoralchangestaking
placeworldwide,thequestionwhicharisesconcernsthestabilityorfluc-
tuationofgenderstereotypes.AccordingtoDianeHalpern(1997),gen-
*TheresearchwassupportedinpartbyWarsawSchoolofSocialSciencesand
Humanities(Grantno.BW03/08).
