Performance-based fire engineering for civil engineeering structural desigin

Michał Malendowski

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7775-603-4

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej

Rok wydania:

2020

Liczba stron:

303

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Malendowski, Michał. Performance-based fire engineering for civil engineeering structural desigin. Red. . : Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej, 2020, 303 s. ISBN 978-83-7775-603-4

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Malendowski, M.

T1 Performance-based fire engineering for civil engineeering structural desigin

PB Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej

YR 2020

SN 978-83-7775-603-4

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 257096, author = "Malendowski, Michał", editor = "", title = "Performance-based fire engineering for civil engineeering structural desigin", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej", year = "2020", address = "", isbn = "978-83-7775-603-4" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Malendowski, Michał

ED -

TI - Performance-based fire engineering for civil engineeering structural desigin

PB - Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej

CY -

PY - 2020

SN - 978-83-7775-603-4

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Malendowski, Michał. Performance-based fire engineering for civil engineeering structural desigin [baza danych online] : Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej, 2020 [dostęp: 28 05 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/performance-based-fire-engineering-for-civil-engineeering-structural-michal-malendowski-257096.

The author expresses his thanks to dr hab. inż. Adam Glema, prof. of Poznan University of Technology, for his supervision, advice and huge support. Many thanks are also directed to dr inż. Janusz Dębiński, for his general advice and comments that ...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7775-603-4

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej

Rok wydania:

2020

Liczba stron:

303

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

CONTENTS List of Figures7
List of Tables13
Notation14
Acknowledgment19
1. Introduction 20
1.1. State-of-the-art20
1.1.1. Performance-based fire engineering20
1.1.2. Advancements in the solving of structural fire engineering problems28
1.2. Research objectives and the concept of the thesis30
2. Theoretical background 36
2.1. Fluid dynamics in fire engineering36
2.1.1. Fundamental laws of fluid dynamics and heat transfer37
2.1.2. Turbulence modelling44
2.1.3. Combustion48
2.1.4. Soot production50
2.1.5. Radiation51
2.2. Nonlinear solid mechanics in performance-based structural fire design56
2.2.1. Formulation of a linear elastic problem56
2.2.2. Finite Element Method in linear elastic problems58
2.2.3. Large strain-displacement formulation60
2.2.4. Material nonlinearity in structural fire engineering problems64
2.2.5. Stiffness of a structural element in fire73
2.2.6. Solution of a nonlinear problem75
2.3. Physical bases for heat exchange between the fire environment and the structure84
2.3.1. Convective heat flux85
2.3.2. Radiative heat flux87
2.3.3. Adiabatic surface temperature88
2.3.4. Heat conduction98
3. Coupling between the fire and the mechanical models 100
3.1. Concept of CFD-FEM coupling100
3.2. Incompatibility between CFD and FEM models for steel framed structures100
3.3. Development of a heat transfer model103
3.3.1. Virtual surfaces103
3.3.2. Shadow effect105
3.3.3. Heat transfer model formulation106
3.4. Implementation115
3.4.1. Approximate calculation of view factors117
3.4.2. Verification of the view factors calculation method121
3.4.3. Finite difference method approximation of a conduction problem127
3.5. Verification and Validation131
3.5.1. Furnace tests with uniform thermal exposure of a cross-section132
3.5.2. Furnace tests with nonuniform thermal exposure of a cross-section135
3.5.3. Compartment fire tests142
3.5.4. Localised fire tests146
3.5.5. Summary159
3.6. CFD-FEM coupling procedure160
3.6.1. Setting CFD output161
3.6.2. Heat transfer calculations161
4. Mechanically based method for determining fire scenarios 164
4.1. Complexity and robustness of frame structures164
4.2. The idea of the method166
4.3. Theoretical bases169
4.4. Complexity measures170
4.5. Method implementation172
4.6. Verification174
5. Exemplary analysis of a structure subjected to fire190
5.1. General description of the structure190
5.2. Actions190
5.2.1. Fire actions191
5.2.2. Permanent loads194
5.2.3. Imposed loads195
5.2.4. Snow load196
5.2.5. Wind load196
5.2.6. Combinations of actions197
5.3. Preliminary analyses202
5.3.1. Design according to Eurocode simple calculation model202
5.3.2. Response to uniform ISO 834 fire exposure203
5.4. Numerical models206
5.4.1. CFD fire model206
5.4.2. FEM mechanical model210
5.5. Fire scenario determination212
5.6. CFD-FEM coupling216
5.7. Results218
5.7.1. Temperature distribution in a fire compartment219
5.7.2. Fire-structure heat transfer results222
5.7.3. Effect of combinations of actions on the mechanical response of the structure in fire234
5.7.4. Local response of the structure in fire235
5.7.5. Global response of the structure in fire261
5.7.6. Summary275
6. Concluding remarks278
References284
Appendices297
Summary298

Chapter1.Introduction

1n1n2nAdvancementsinthesolvingofstructuralfireengineering

problems

AdVancedmethodsinanalysesofstructuresinfire(buildingstructuralsystems

stimulatedbyeleVatedtemperatures)owetheirdeVelopment9likemanyotherre-

searchfields9mainlytotheimproVementofcomputersandtheincreaseofcom-

putationalpower9togetherwitheVolutionofnumericalmethods.Nowadays9these

deVelopmentsallowforthesolutionofmathematicalmodelsdescribingmanyof

thephysicalphenomenathatoccurduringfire.Thebeginningofnumericalanal-

ysesaiminginsimulationofstructuralelementsinfirecanbedatedbacktothe

late480sofXXcentury.Atthattime9thistopicwasmainlyaddressedbytwo

researchgroupsfocusedaroundJ-M.FranssenattheUniVersityofLiege9France9

andIanBurgessattheUniVersityofSheffield9UK.Theresearchinthisarea

startedwithanalysesofseparatestructuralmembersinfire9wherethefirewas

modelledusingtheISO834firecurVe[14915927944].AtapproXimatelythesame

time9researchersdeVotedtofiresafetyengineeringstartedthedeVelopmentofthe

numericalmodelsandsoftwareforsimulationsofnaturalfires.In19879G.CoX

nicelysummarisedtheeffortsdoneinthesetopics9see[22].Henoticedthatmost

oftheworkdoneinthetopicwasrelatedtothemodelsaimedatinVestigatingthe

causesoffires.

OVertheneXtyears9consequentlytheeffortswereputintothedeVelopmentof

methodsandmodelsdeVotedtoanalysesofstructuresinfire9aswellassimula-

tionsoffire.NeVertheless9bothofthesebrancheswerebasicallydecupleddueto

thedifferencesinthephysicstheydescribe.So9theresearchconcerningbothof

thesephenomenawasseparate.TheSeptember11attacksappearedtobecritical

intheconteXtofcomprehensiVeresearchonfiresandtheirimpactonthestruc-

tures.TheinVestigationonthecollapseofWTCledthescientiststotheseriesof

questions9thatcouldbeansweredonlybyanalysesofbigger9morecompleXmod-

els.ItturnedouttobenecessaryforsimulatingthephysicsofafireeVentinascale

notusedbefore[8691369137913991419167].Thatwasactuallythetimewhenthe

USNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)receiVedasubstantial

subsidyforthedeVelopmentoftheCFD(ComputationalFluidDynamics)code

calledFDS(FireDynamicsSimulator)9whichtodayisthemostutilizedsoftware

infiresimulationworldwide.

InPoland9someofthefirstmodernworksconcerningstructure-relatedfire

engineeringproblemscameinthe480sandthebeginningofthe490s.Theseare

theworksofKosiorekandhisco-authors.Theymainlyconcernthefireresistance

ofbuildingstructures[79980982983]andmaterialcharacteristicsateleVatedtem-

perature[81979].HoweVer9theseworksaremainlybasedonstandardfiretesting

procedures.FromthebeginningoftheXXIcentury,Maślakstartedtocontribute

instructuralfireengineeringfield.InadditiontoseVeralresearcharticlesconcern-

ingtheresistanceofsteelstructuralmembersinfire9i.e.[108–111]9thebook[112]

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