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I.Zufferey&M.Verma
1.INTRODUCTION
Rail-truckintermodaltransportation,involvingrail-hauloperationbyintermod-
altrainsanddrayagebytruck,hasexperiencedphenomenalgrowthsince1980
(AAR2010).Rail-truckcombinationisattractivefortworeasons:first,reduction
inuncertaintyandlead-timesbecauseasignificantportionofthetransportdistance
iscoveredbyintermodaltrains,whichoperateonfixedscheduleandhenceare
quitepunctual(Nozick&Morlok1997);and,second,theabilitytocombine
thebestattributesofthetwomodestoyieldamoreefficientandcost-effective
overallmovement(AAR2010).Althoughrail-truckintermodaltransportation
(IM)hasbeenanactiveresearchareawithintheintermodaltransportationdomain
(e.g.,Bontekoning,Macharis&Trip(2004)andMacharis&Bontekoning(2004)),
thefocushasbeenonregularfreight.DespitetheincreasingsignificanceofIMin
carryinghazmat,Erkut,Tjandra&Verter(2007)identified,throughacomprehen-
sivereviewoftheliteratureonhazmatlogistics,thatintermodaltransportationisan
areathathasnotbeenwellstudied.
Inthispaperweposetheproblemfromtheperspectiveoftheintermodalrail-
roadcompany,whichoffersadoor-to-doorservicetothecustomers.Forexample,
UMAXinterlinecontainerprogramofCSXIntermodalandUnionPacificRailroad
wasconceivedtoensureseamlessfreightmovementacrossdifferenttransportation
modes.Althoughsuchintermodalcompaniesareinterestedinminimizingcost,
theyarealsoundergovernmentalpressuretoconsidertransportrelatedrisk.
Inanefforttoaddresstheinterestsofthesetwostakeholders,weproposeanobjec-
tivefunctionthatcapturesbothtransportriskandtransportcost.Thecomplexityof
theproblemstructure,dictatedbythecharacteristicsofIM,necessitatedthedevel-
opmentofametaheuristic,namelytabusearch.
Theremainderofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.InSection2,wedescribe
theproblemandpresentagraphmodelforit.InSection3,weproposeatabu
searchtotackletheproblem.ResultsaregivenanddiscussedinSection4,and
thepaperendsupwithaconclusion.
2.PROBLEMDESCRIPTION
Theconsideredproblemistodeterminethebestshipmentplanforbothhazard-
ousandregularfreightinanIMnetwork,andwithincustomerspecifieddelivery
times.Theobjectiveistominimizethetotalcostoftransportationaswellas
thetotalpublicriskassociatedwithhazmat.Thistaskiscomplicatedbecause
thenumberandlocationofhazmatcontainerscanvaryconsiderablyamonginter-
modaltrainsofvarioustypes,whichrequirestheuseofaratherelaborateriskas-
sessmenttechniqueandprohibitsthedevelopmentofaclosed-formexpressionfor
