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6
1.Introduction
AGNIESZKABIEDA
Itisstatedin(Herbst2008)that“revitalizationisawordwithalonghis-
tory”.TheconceptofrevitalizationoriginatedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
inthemid-twentiethcentury,anditwasprimarilyconcernedwiththeactivities
undertakenbythelocaladministrationcooperatingwithprivatecompanies.This
cooperationwasaimedateconomicrevitalizationofspecificareasandincreasing
theincometherefrom(Petersenetal.2002).TheexampleoftheUnitedStates
wasfollowedbymanycountrieswhereurbanrenewalbecameastandardfor
managingneglectedneighbourhoods(Herbst2008).Themostfamousexamples
oftheEuropeanredevelopmentsincludetheregenerationoftheLondondocks
(Kaczmarek1991)andtheKreuzbergdistrictinBerlin(Małkowski,Woźniak
2004).
Theconceptofrevitalizationhasrecentlybeenmakingasuddencareeralso
inPoland.However,thereisashortageofbasicframeworksorinstrumentsthat
wouldfacilitategoodredevelopment(Herbst2008).Thefirstnormativeacton
revitalizationintherankofalawenteredintoforceattheendof2015(Act2015).
This,however,doesnotdecreasetheimportanceoftheurbanrenewalcarriedout
inPolandearlier.
Revitalizationisaprocessundertakeninthepublicinterest.Itconcernsspa-
tial,technical,socialandeconomicchangesinaregeneratedarea(Chmielewski
2016).Itspurposeistoincreasetheattractivenessofthisareaforitsresidentsand
potentialinvestors(Jadach-Sepioło2016).
Itsaimistosaveanareaafectedbyrecessionaryconditionsbyrestoringold
functionsorintroducingnewones,whichwillcreateconditionsforfurtherde-
velopmentoftherevitalizedareausingitscurrentdevelopment(Chmielewski
2016).Inthelattercase,degradedareasareusuallysubjecttorevitalization,es-
peciallyindustrialareasandwarehouses,post-industrialwastelandfillsites,post-
miningareas,aswellasformerrailwayandmilitaryareas.
Takingintoaccountfrequentchangesoflegislationrelatedtobroadlyunder-
stoodspatialeconomyandthepaceofcivilizationdevelopment,itseemsnatural
thatthesameareaoftenchangesitsintendedpurposeandfunction(Adamczyk,
Bieda2014).Fromthefinancialpointofview,degradedareasarethebestsites
toinitiatesuchventures,asthemainmotivatingfactorforpost-industrialpro-
jectsisthelowvalueoflandresultingfromrelativelyhighrevitalizationcosts
(Konowalczuk,Ramian2008)aswellaslowliquidityintherealestatemarket
(Jadach-Sepioło2016).
Themainmeasureofrevitalization’sefectsisprimarilyanincreaseinthenum-
berofworkplacesintheregeneratedarea.Inaddition,conclusionscanbedrawn
fromthebehaviourofthepeopleresidingintherevitalizedspace(Chmielewski
2016)andfromtheaesthetizationofurbanspaces(Palickietal.2015).Itmaybe
statedthaturbanrenewalisefectiveiftherearepeopleintherevitalizedspace
whowanttostaythere,andtogetherwithchangesintheirappearance,commer-
cialandserviceofers,standardsimproveandthespacebecomesmorediverse,
actsofvandalismarescarce,thereisorder,thesurroundingsaretakencareof,
