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inthewayitrestrictsbasicrights,hasarmedjudgeswith
thelegalmeanstoimprisonanyonetheKremlindeems
athreat.Forexample,Article212.1oftheRussian
CriminalCode(multipleviolationsoftheestablished
orderoforganisingorholdinggatherings,demonstrations
andpickets)wasusedtochargeIldarDadin.Article280.1
(whichbroachespubliccallstoviolatetheterritorial
integrityoftheRussianFederation)wasintroduced
topunishanyonecriticisingtheannexationofCrimea.
Thebroaddescriptionandinterpretationofthedefinition
of“extremism”hasalsogivenalotofspacetosilence
activistssuchasVadimTyumentsev,avideoblogger
fromTomskwhowassentencedtofiveyearsaftercalling
onpeopletoattendaprotestagainsthightransportfares
andforcriticisingtheRussianinterventioninUkraine.
Highprice
TheKremlinhasalsobeencarefulaboutwho
itchoosestoputbehindbars.UnlikeEgypt,whichjailed
thousandsofgovernmentopponents,orAzerbaijan,
wherepoliticalprisonershaveincludedthemost
prominenthumanrightslawyers,investigativejournalists
andpoliticalactivists,byandlarge,theKremlinseems
tohaveintentionallytargetedindividualsorsmallgroups
withalowprofile.Thesearepeoplewithoutnetworks
intheWestandwhoarenothouseholdnames,even
amongtheliberalopposition-supportingminority.The
better-knownleadersofcivilsocietyareinsteadhitwith
heftyfines,theirworkisobstructedandtheirreputation
attackedonstateTV.Meanwhile,Russiansacrossthe
countryaregettingthemessagethatlifeispossible,but
expressinganysortofoppositionrisksahighprice.
