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andmultipleperspectivesfromwhichdifferentsituationscanbeinterpreted
(Walczak,2010,p.266).Itcanevenbesaidthatwithenteringthestage
offormaloperations,eachpersonbecomesaself-narrator(Pawlak,2000,
p.132).
Hence,identityinnarrativeunderstandingisaprocessratherthanastruc-
ture,aninternalizedandchangeablelifehistory,Hatextwovenfrommemo-
riesandexperience”(Riley,2010,p.383)andapersonalmythcontaining
meaningsandsensestypicalofaperson.Theconsequenceofthisisthefact
thatacontemporarypersonfacesthetaskofmovingbeyondanadopted
identitysoastomakeuseofvariouspotentialsavailabletohimorher.
Discursiveidentity
Discursiveconceptsofidentityoriginatefromanincreasinginterestinthe
discursivepsychologicalmodelsofthelate80sand90softhetwentiethcen-
tury.Whatdistinguishesthemfromclassicalcognitivemodelsistheirconsis-
tentdrawingonthepremisethatsocialcooperationandlanguage(Hdis-
course”incontemporaryjargon)aredevelopmentallyprimarytothinking
(Stemplewska-Żakowicz,2001,p.99).Allconstructsofdiscursivepsychol-
ogy,howeverdifferentfromoneanother,takeVygotsky’sandBakhtin’s8
ideasasframesofreference,amongwhichBakhtin’snotionsofHdialogue”
andHvoice”areparticularlyfrequentlyrecalled9.
AccordingtocontemporaryinterpretersofBakhtin’sthoughts,dialogism
isthebasicformofconsciousness10.Itisnotthatpeopleacquirelanguagein
ordertocommunicatethecontentsoftheirconsciousnesstoothersbutitis
thankstolanguagethattheycanthinkconsciously.Evenintrospectionisnot
devoidofdialoguebecausewhenpeoplewanttocapturesomethingthatis
unclear,theyascribewordstoitsoastomakeitclearer,acceptableand
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8ThemaindifferencebetweenVygotskyandBakhtinwithreferencetotheformationof
selfisthatforVygotsky,theselfisbuiltontheinternalizationofitssocioculturalenvi-
ronment,andhisHinnerspeech”doesnotaccommodateHtheinnerother”.ForBakhtin,
however,Htobe”meansHtocommunicate”(Marchenkova,2005,p.103).
9RecentcontributionstoBakhtin’stheoriesoflanguageinthecontextoflanguage
teacheridentitydevelopmentareMenard-Warwick’s(2014)bookchapterentitledHIn
dialoguewithBakhtin”andHallman’s(2015)bookchapterHTeacheridentityasdia-
logicresponse.ABakhtinianperspective”.ThelatestcontributiontoVygotsky’stheory
oflanguageinthecontextoflanguageteacheridentitydevelopmentisthebookby
Johnson&Golombek(2016).
10Bakhtindevelopedthreemodelsoftheself:1.EthicalandCreative,2.Dialogic,Novel-
isticorPolyphonic,3.Carnival.Judgingbytheliterature,thesecondoneseemsthe
mostinspiring.
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