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Marcia’sfourtypesofidentityclearlyrevealthataperson’schoiceofapro-
fessioncandiffer,whichinturninfluencesthedegreeofpersonalsatisfac-
tionobtainedfromajoborthelevelofinvolvementinvestedinit.
1.2.3.2MoralDevelopmentandProfessionalIdentity
TheHquality”ofprofessionalidentity,especiallyinprofessionsinwhich
ahumanelementisinvolved,alsodependsuponthelevelofmoraldevel-
opment.Kohlberg’sstagesofmoraldevelopment(Crain,2005,pp.154-159)
havebeenusedbyKwaśnica(2003,pp.307-309)todescribetheprofessional
identityofteachers,whereasBrzezińskaandAppelt(2004)applyKohlberg’s
stagestotheresearchofprofessionalidentitiesofpsychologists.Letuslook
closelyatwhatmoralstagespeoplepassthroughwhentheyenterprofes-
sionalrolesandhowprofessionalidentityisformedinthisrespect.
Theprocessofgainingmoralcompetencecanbedescribedintermsofthree
stagesofdevelopmentborrowedfromKohlberg’sStageConcept(Kwaśnica,
2003).Theyincludethreelevelsandarecalledaccordingly:pre-conventional
morality,conventionalmoralityandpost-conventionalmorality.
Thepre-conventionalstagewouldbetheperiodofcopyingothersandimi-
tatingbehaviourswhichareconsideredtypicalinaparticularprofession.It
oftenhappensthatcertainconventionsarereproducedwithouttherepro-
ducingperson’sawarenessofwhatagivenconventioninvolves.Whatisim-
portantismakingone’sownbehaviourssimilartoothers’behaviouralpat-
terns,whichhelpswithadaptationtotheprofessionalenvironment.For
noviceprofessionals,itisperhapsoftheutmostimportancewhatkindof
behavioursarepromoted,asthesearetheonesthataremostlikelytoberep-
licated.
Theconventionalstageisthestageofmoraldevelopmentinwhichaprofes-
sionalknowsandoftenunderstandsbehaviouralpatterns,butonlywhen
theirjustificationscomefromtheoutside.Thisisthestagewhenknowledge
andskillsareusedinareproductiveanduncriticalmanner.Themainconven-
tionhereisofaHrecipe”fortheprofessionalrole,inthetraditionofthisjobin
generalorinthetraditionofagiveninstitution.Thereisnodeeperreflection,
orquestioningofrules,ofaimsorofthesenseoftherole.Itcanbearguedthat
iffurtherdevelopmentwasimpossibleandtheconventionalstagerepresented
thefinalstageofmoraldevelopment,theprofessional’sinnovativenesswould
berestrictedsolelytoinstrumentalaspects(Kwaśnica,2003,p.307).
Thepost-conventionalstagecanemergeintwoways(Kwaśnica,2003,p.308).
First,asitislinkedtousingknowledgecritically.Thisboilsdowntorevising
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