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MarekJanWasiński
thatthesesituationsprimafacieinvolveconstitutionalinfringements,itislegitimateto
qualifythemasunderminingtheprincipleoftheruleoflawonthecontinent.3
TesecondobservationjustifiesaviewthattheAfricancitizenryandtheAfrican
Union(AU)whichisthePan-Africaninternationalorganizationpromotingdemo-
craticprinciplesandinstitutions4shareambitionstocounteracttheruleoflawdeficit
byfosteringgoodgovernance,democracy,justice,andrespectforhumanrights.Inpar-
ticular,thejointaspirationexpressedintheAgenda20635istoensurethat:(a)elections
atalllevelsarefree,fairandtransparent;(b)freedomofexpressionandfreedomofas-
sociationareguaranteed;(c)constitutionalchangesofgovernmentarethenorm.6Asthe
Agenda2063constitutesalong-termschemeforsocio-economicandintegrativetrans-
formation,theblueprinthasrequireddelineationofshorterten-yearplanstoreachthe
relevantaspirationsoverthefifty-yearhorizon.Terefore,theAUCommissionprepared
theFirstImplementationPlan,7adoptedbytheAUAssemblyinJune2015.8Tisdocu-
mentcoverstheperiod2013-2023,settingrelevantmilestoneswithinpriorityareasof
democraticvaluesandhumanrights.Tefirstshort-termtargetshavebeendetermined
mostlybyreferencetomeasurablecriteria.Namely,atestofthepublicperceptionofthe
governancestatushasbeenapplied,alongsidewithsettingthresholdsforadoptionand
thedomesticationofcertaintreaties.Tus,onthenationalleveltheestablishedgoalsfor
theperiod2013-2023includethefollowing:(a)atleast70percentofthepeopleper-
ceivethatthefreeaccesstoinformationandfreedomofexpressionisguaranteed;(b)at
least70percentofthepublicperceiveelectionstobefree,fairandtransparentby2020;
(c)thereiszerotoleranceforunconstitutionalchangesingovernment;(d)theAfrican
CharteronDemocracy,ElectionsandGovernance(theCharter)9issigned,ratifiedand
domesticatedby2020;(e)atleast70percentofthepeopleperceivetheentrenchment
ofacultureofrespectforhumanrights,theruleoflawanddueprocess.
3E.deWetpointsoutthatthepoordomesticrecordsofAfricanStatesinrelationtohumanrights
protectionandjudicialindependenceevidencesanendemicdisregardfortheruleoflawassuch,TeRise
andFalloftheTribunaloftheSouthernAfricanDevelopmentCommunity:ImplicationsforDisputeSettlement
inSouthernAfrica,28(1)ICSIDReview45(2013),p.62.
4Art.3(g)oftheConstitutiveActoftheAfricanUnion(ConstitutiveAct,adopted11July2000,
enteredintoforce26May2001).
5In2013theAUdecidedtodeveloptheAgenda2063asaroadmapforstructuraltransformation
ofthecontinent,Assembly/AU/Decl.3(XXI),p.6.WhiletheAUCommissionwastaskedwithpreparing
draftagendadocuments,thecivilsocietywasalsoinvolvedthroughanextensiveconsultativeprocess,seee.g.
AUCommission,Agenda2063.FrameworkDocument,p.26,availableat:https://au.int/sites/default/files/
documents/33126-doc-framework_document_book.pdf(accessed30May2019).SeealsoK.DeGhetto,
J.R.Gray,M.N.Kiggundu,TeAfricanUnion
’sAgenda2063:Aspirations,Challenges,andOpportunitiesfor
ManagementResearch,2(1)AfricaJournalofManagement93(2016).
6AUCommission,Agenda2063,p.151(Aspiration3).
7Availableat:https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/33126-doc-ten_year_implementation_book.
pdf(accessed30May2019).
8Assembly/AU/Decl.5(XXV).
9Adopted30January2007,enteredintoforce15February2012.Unlessotherwiseindicated,all
treatiescitedinthisarticleareavailableat:https://au.int/en/treaties.