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MichałBalcerzak
humanrightsandtheirowninterestsatoneandthesametime.53Itcouldhardlybe
expectedthatwhenadjudicatingunderICERDtheICJgoesultrapetitapartiumand
addressesissuesnotrelatedtotheConventionitself.Nonetheless,theCourtfacesa
realopportunitytoapplytheprovisionsofahumanrightstreaty(inthiscaseICERD)
whichmaybringjudicialprotectionandrelieftoatleastsomeofthosealectedbyinter-
stateconflicts.Toputitbriefly,incasesunderICERDhumanrightsareatstake,apart
fromother,possiblypolitical,considerations.
Teordersforprovisionalmeasuresinthetwopendingcasescouldberegardedas
verymoderate.IntheUkrainev.RussianFederationcasetheCourtmerelyindicated
thattherespondentstatemustrefrainfrommaintainingorimposinglimitationson
theabilityoftheCrimeanTatarcommunitytoconserveitsrepresentativeinstitutions,
includingtheMejlis;54ensuretheavailabilityofeducationintheUkrainianlanguage;
andrefrain(asmusttheapplicantstate)fromanyactionwhichmightaggravateor
extendthedisputebeforetheCourtormakeitmoredifculttoresolve.55IntheQatar
v.UAEcasetheCourtrepeatedthephraseaboutKrefraining”andindicatedthatthe
UAEmustensurethereunificationofseparatedQatarifamilies;56provideQatari
studentswiththeopportunitytocompletetheireducationintheUAEorobtain
theireducationalrecords;andallowaccesstotribunalsandotherjudicialorgansof
theUAEtoQatarisalectedbythemeasuresadoptedbytheUAE.57Tecontentsof
theordersforprovisionalmeasureswereconsiderablylessthanwhatwasrequested,
however,Art.41oftheStatuteoftheICJgivestheCourtquiteawidelatitudein
establishingwhetherthecircumstancesreallyrequiresuchmeasuresandwhetheritis
Kappropriate”todoso.Letuskeepinmindthattheissuanceofprovisionalmeasures
doesnotprejudgetheoutcomeofthecaseattheCourt,butatthesametimedoes
manifestthattheICJfoundithadprimafaciejurisdiction;thattherightsclaimedby
theapplicantwereplausible;andfurtherthattherewasariskofirreparableprejudice
andurgency.
53SeeA.Peters,“Vulnerability”versus“Plausibility”:RightingorWrongingtheRegimeofProvisionalMeas-
ures?ReflectionsonICJ,Ukrainev.RussianFederationOrderof19April2017,availableat:https://bit.ly/
2JQUlLf(accessed30May2019).
54Tehighestexecutive-representativeCrimeanTatarbody,delegalizedbytheRussianFederation
in2016.
55SeetheoperativepartoftheICJOrderof19April2017.Seealsothecommentaryby:T.Tienel,
ProvisionalMeasuresintheCaseConcerningApplicationoftheInternationalConventionontheElimination
ofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination(Georgiav.RussianFederation),1GoettingenJournalofInternational
Law143(2009).
56JudgeCrawfordnotedinhisdissentingopinionthatatthetimeofadoptingtheOrderbytheCourt
manycasesconcerningfamilyreunificationmighthavealreadybeenresolved,althoughQatardeniedthis
(seethedissentingopinionofJudgeCrawfordtotheOrderof19April2017,paras.5-6).Formoreonthis
issueinabroaderinternationallegalcontext,see:W.Burek,FamilyReunificationRegulationsandWomen:
TePerspectiveofInternationalLaw,36PolishYearbookofInternationalLaw83(2016).
57SeetheoperativepartoftheICJOrderof23July2018.