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Chapter1
Stateoftheart
1.1.Corpuslinguistics
CorpuslinguisticsisarelativelyyoungbranchoflinguisticsandLindquist
(2009:1)definesitas“amethodology,comprisingalargenumberofrelated
methodswhichcanbeusedbyscholarsofmanydifferenttheoreticalleanings.”
However,AartsandMcMahon(2006:44)observethat“corpuslinguisticsmay
beviewedasamethodology,butthemethodologicalpracticesadoptedby
corpuslinguistsarenotuniform.”McEnryetal.(2006:3)notethat“although
thetermcorpuslinguisticsfirstappearedonlyintheearly1980s,corpus-based
languagestudyhasasubstantialhistory[and]thebasiccorpusmethodologywas
widespreadinlinguisticsintheearlytwentiethcentury.”Moreover,theauthors
addthateventhoughlinguistsatthattimedidnotusecomputersasameans
ofdatastorage,theirmethodologywasessentiallycorpus-basedinthesense
thatitwasempiricalandbasedonobserveddata.However,inlate1950sthe
corpusmethodologywasseverelycriticisedanditbecamemarginalised,butwith
thedevelopmentsincomputertechnologytheexploitationofmassivecorpora
becamepossible,andthemarriageofcorporawithcomputertechnologyrevived
theinterestinthecorpusmethodology.McEnryandWilson(2001:24)also
notethat“althoughthemethodologywentthroughaperiodofrelativeneglect
fortwodecades,itwasfarfromabandoned.Indeed,duringthistimeessential
advancesintheuseofcorporaweremade.Mostimportantlyofall,thelinking
ofthecorpustothecomputerwascompletedduringthisera.Followingthese
advances,corpusstudiesboomedfrom1980sonwards,ascorpora,techniques
andnewargumentsinfavouroftheuseofcorporabecamemoreapparent.”This
boom,theysay,continuescurrentlyandcorpuslinguisticsisbecomingmoreand
morematuremethodologically,andmoreovertherangeoflanguagesthatare
addressedbycorpuslinguistsisgrowingannually.Lindquist(2009)notesthat
thefirstelectroniccollectionofEnglishtextstobeusedforlinguisticresearch
