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A
abstractfilmAfilminwhichimagesarenotrepresentationalbut
fallintovisuallyinterestingpatterns,shapes,andgeometrical
constructions.AbstractfilmwasadevelopmentoftheFrench
avant-gardecinemaofthe1920s.Abstractfilmmakersandthe
surrealistsdrewmuchoftheirimageryfromthesubconscious.
TheGermanpainterOskarFischinger,whomadeanumber
ofanimatedshortfilms,experimentedwithchoreographingab-
stractpatternstomusicandworkedwithWaltDisneyonthe
Bach"ToccataandFugue"segmentofFantasia(1940),anani-
matedfilminwhichvariousabstracttechniqueswereemployed
tointerpretselectedpiecesofclassicalmusic.The1950ssaw
arevitalizationofthisformofcinemawithfilmssuchas
30YearsofExperiment(1951),aremarkableanthologyofthe
bestworkfromGermanyandtheUS.Thearrivalofcomputer
technologyhasenhancedtheartisticpossibilitiesofabstract
films.
AcademyAwardsAwardsgivenannuallysince1929bythe
ACADEMYOFMOTIONPICTUREARTSANDSCIENCES
forartisticachievementintwobroadcategories.Thefirstcat-
egoryisforcraftandincludes:BestActor/Actressinaleading
/supportingrole,BestDirector,BestCinematography,BestFilm
Editing,BestWriting(adaptedscreenplayandoriginalfeature),
BestOriginalSound,BestOriginalScore,BestSoundMixing/
Editing,BestArtDirection,BestVisualEffects,BestCostume
Design,andBestMakeup.Thesecondisfordifferenttypesof
filmandincludes:BestPicture,BestAnimatedFeature,BestAni-
matedShort,BestDocumentaryFeature,BestDocumentary
Short,BestForeignLanguageFilm,andBestLiveActionShort.
