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base-component-komponent(składnik)bazowy
IntheAspects(Chomsky1965l1966)modeloftransformationalgrammar,
thecomponentthatisresponsibleforgeneratingdeepstructures(basephrase-
markers)whichserveasinputtothesemanticcomponentofthegrammar.
SeeTransformational-GenerativeGrammar
basic(core)vocabulary-słownictwopodstawowe
Tosewordsinalanguagewhichareofveryhighfrequency,whichare
learnedearlybychildren,andwhicharesupposedlymoreresistanttolexical
replacementthanotherwords.Amongthesearepersonalpronouns,numer-
als,body-partnames,kinshipterms,namesofnaturalphenomena,etc.
Seelexicalreplacement
basicdomain-domenapodstawowa
Seedomain
Basque-baskijskijęzyk
AlanguagespokenatthewesternendofthePyrenees,mostlyinnorthern
Spainbutpartlyinsouth-westernFrance.Basqueisthemostfamousisolated
language(i.e.alanguagewhichdoesnotappeartobegeneticallyrelatedto
anyotherknownlanguagesatall).AnancestralformofBasque,calledAqui-
tanian,issparselyattestedinGaulinRomantimes,andBasqueisunques-
tionablythelastsurvivingpre-Indo-EuropeanlanguageinwesternEurope.
Cf.Trask(1996).
SeeIndo-Europeanlanguages
behaviourism-behawioryzm
(1)Inpsychology,atheorywhichstatesthathumanandanimalbehaviour
canandshouldbestudiedonlyintermsofphysicalprocesses,without
referencetomind.Itledtotheoriesoflearningwhichexplainedhow
anexternalevent(astimulus)causedachangeinthebehaviourofan
individual(aresponse),basedonahistoryofreinforcement.
(2)Inlinguistics,theinfluenceofthisschoolofpsychology(i.e.thestudyof
observableandmeasurablebehaviour)hasbeenmostmarkedinthework
oftheAmericanlinguistLeonardBloomfield.ItcanbeseenintheBloom-
fieldianinsistenceonrigorousdiscoveryprocedures,andmostnotably
inhisbehaviouristaccountofmeaningintermsofobservablestimuli
andresponsesmadebyparticipantsinspecificsituations.Bloomfield’s
behaviouristictheoryoflanguageisaparticularversionofphysicalism
anddeterminism.Telimitationsofbehaviouristaccountsoflanguage
werecriticisedbyNoamChomskyinthelate1950s,inwritingswhich
anticipatethedevelopmentofmentalisticideasinlinguistics.
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