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ARt
iNJewishsociety
AvivLivnat
telAvivUniversity
FarUndzereKinstler(ForourArtists).
teaArciszewskaandtheJewishartists
Thefirstdecadesofthe20
th
centuryrevealedthe
modernphenomenonofwomenartiststaking
dominantrolesincentresofartistic,literaryand
theatricalactivitieslTheirengagementinthearts
occurredindifferentformsatbothendsofthear-
tisticspectrumlWomanpursuedindividualartistic
activityaswriters,actressesandpaintersorfromthe
perspectiveofentrepreneurship,productionandart
promotionl
1
TheJewishwomanfrequentlyhadatwofold
struggletofindherplaceinthegeneralworldofart
bothasafemaleandasaJewishcitizenandthestrug-
glewasfurtherradicalisedfrominternalJewishcon-
texts,particularlyincaseswherethewomancame
fromorthodoxortraditionalJewishfamilyback-
groundslAsJewishwomenintheEastoftencame
fromreligiousfamiliesandcommunities,veering
towardsthesecularworldwasindeedmoreradicall2
ThestoryofTeaArciszewskawasuniqueand
pioneeringinthePolishJewishartworldand
onecanviewherinvolvementasacontribution
inpromotingthespacewomenstartedtooccupy
1Themodernroleofwomenartistswasareflectionofthe
firstgeneralwaveinfeminismoflate19centuryandearly20l
SeeBock(2001),Hyman(1995)l
2OnJewishwomeninEasternEuropeseeFreeze,Hyman
Polonsky(2005)lOnwomeninInterwarEuropeseeKershaw
andKimyongür(2007)l
intermsofculturalandartisticpursuitslShepaved
thewayforotherstoalsomovetowardsthefront
linesofartisticengagementandentrepreneurshipl
TeaArciszewska(TotsheArtsishevska,
1890-1962)(illl1)wasaJewish-Polishpatroness
oftheartsandapersonalfriendofimportantJew-
ishPolishartistsandwritersonthePolish-Jewish
scenelHerfirsthusbandwasthepainterBernard
(Ber)ShimonKratka;shewasalsoamuseforYitsk-
hokLeybushPeretzasanactressinthetheatre
underthestagenameMiriamIzraels,andforthe
painterMaurycyMinkowskiandothersasamodell
ShewasamongthefoundersoftheJewishSociety
fortheEncouragementofFineArtsandorganised
anartisticsaloninherhousetopromoteJewishart
andartistsl3Herinfluencecanbefoundindiverse
3Jewishwomenplayedanimportantroleinthesaloncul-
tureofWesternandCentralEuropeanJewishandgeneral
communitieslThissocial-culturalphenomenonledbyJew-
ishwomenremainedanimportantpartofBerlinsalonlife
untilitsdeclinearound1914lWhiletheGermansalonshave
variouslybeencriticizedforadvancingemancipationandac-
culturation,itspostworldwarEastEuropeanJewishmanifes-
tationdrewfromtheFrenchandGermantraditionbutsignif-
icantlyunderthebannerofJewishrenaissancelAnexhibition
attheJewishMuseuminNewYorkexaminedthesignificant
roleplayedbythesalonsofJewishwomeninthedevelop-
mentofartandcultureinEuropeandAmericafromthelate
18
th
centurytothe1940slSeeBilskiandBraun(2005)lOn
theroleofwomaninBerlinseeHertz(1988)l
