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1.Berdyczów,Wilno,St.Petersburg,1800-1830
41
However,hislandlady)shithertodespisedchatterwithherdaughtersprovided
himwithacluefordevelopingaschemeofassociationofideasthatintheend
enabledhimtomasterBotany.Thewomengavenicknamestostudents
accordingtotheirphysicalappearance(LongCloak,OldBoot,BigNose),andit
occurredtoBeniowskithathecoulddothesamewithplants:fiIproceeded
immediatelytothatcornerofthegardenwherethemedicalplantswere.”
130
Afterthis,hisresultsinBotanywerealsosatisfactory.
WhydidBeniowskigoonafterthesepreparatorycoursestostudy
Medicine?Parentalinfluencenodoubtplayedamajorrole,andMedicineoffered
theprospectofmakingadecentlivingtoaboywithnoexpectationsof
inheritance.TheacademicstandingoftheWilnoMedicalFacultywashighand
itsprofessorswereconsideredsuperiortothoseofotherfaculties,withteaching
andclinicsattainingthebeststandardsofcontemporaryEurope.Partlyin
consequence,themedicalprofessioninWilnowasrelativelyprestigious.Many
ofthemedicalstudentswerethereforesonsofthegentry,someofthemfrom
quitewealthyfamilies,whichinturnfurtherraisedthestatusofthe
profession.
131
Moreover,ifyoustudiedMedicine,itwaspossibletoapplyfor
aTreasuryscholarship-andthismayhavebeenamajorconsiderationfor
Beniowski,whenSzymonwasundertakingstudyforhisdoctorateand
dislocatingthefamily)ssourceofincome.Thesescholarshipsofferedfree
tuitionandhousing,alongwithastipendforfood,thestudentuniform,footwear,
personallinen,andbooks.
132
Kaczkowskitellsusthatthegovernment
maintenancepaymentsinhisdaycoveredonlyfiordinary,reallyonlyessential,
everydayneeds,”butthefreelodgingconstitutedamajorsaving.
133
In1819,
therewere60scholarship-holdersandthenumberwasincreasingeveryyear;by
1823therewere90.
134
BeniowskisuccessfullyappliedforaTreasuryscholar-
shipin1820,afterstudyingmedicineathisfather)sexpenseforthreeyears.
ProfessorFrank,inchargeofthefiTreasuryStudents,”preferredtoaward
scholarshipstothosewhohadalreadythemselvesfinancedthefirstyearsoftheir
course;in1820,forexample,theyearofBeniowski)sapplication,outof40
candidatesforthescholarships,Frankchose10whohadalreadycompletedthe
secondyearofthecourseandeightwho(likeBeniowski)hadalreadycompleted
thethirdyearattheirownexpense.
135
130
ibid.
131
See:DanielBeauvois,Wilno,op.cit.,p.267ff.;BarbaraKonarska,Polskiedrogi
emigracyjne.EmigrancipolscynastudiachwFrancji1832-1848,Warszawa,1986,p.37.
132
StanisławTrzebiński,Zaryshistorii,op.cit.,pp.22-24.From1820,12.29Rb.were
allowedmonthlyforfood,clothesandpaper.
133
KarolKaczkowski,Wspomnienia,op.cit.,vol.1,pp.59-61.Atthistime,Prof.Frank
paidthem15Roublesamonthforfoodandclothes.
134
StanisławTrzebiński,Zaryshistorii,op.cit.,p.9.
135
ibid.,pp.11-12.
