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1.3Englishacademicdiscourse:Previousstudies
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Otherauthorshavefocusedonselectedrhetoricalstrategiesimplemented
inthisparticulargenre,oftenfurtherspecifiedwithregardtothediscipline.
Forexample,Bloor(1996)examinesresearcharticlesinthefieldofthephi-
losophyofmindandidentifiesthreestrategiesthatinvolvehypotheticalcon-
structsandhumour,which,astheauthorsuggests,mightbedistinctiveofthis
branchofphilosophy,whereresearchisfoundedonpolemicsanddispute.
Hyland(2000)studiesacademiccitationpracticesinresearcharticlesfrom
avarietyofhardandsoftdisciplines—anissuealsotakenupbyMurDue-
ñas(2009),whofocusesonbusinessmanagementarticlesinacross-linguistic
perspective,andHewingsetal.(2010),whoanalysecitationsinEnglish-lan-
guagepsychologyarticleswrittenbynon-nativeusersofEnglish.Otherstud-
iesincludeBelotti(2008),whoinvestigatesthetypesandspecificrealisations
ofcriticalunmitigatedclaimsmadebyauthorsofeconomicsresearcharticles,
Tessuto(2008),whoexaminesthelinguisticdevicesofauthorialvoiceinaca-
demiclawresearcharticles,MurDueñas(2008),whostudiestheuseandfunc-
tionofengagementmarkersinEnglishandSpanishresearcharticlesfromthe
fieldofbusinessmanagement,andLafuenteMillán(2008),whoundertakes
ananalysisofresearcharticleswithaviewtoidentifyingvariouspatternsof
epistemicandapproximativemeaningsacrossfourdisciplines.Cross-discipli-
nary(andcross-linguistic)studiesofthemetadiscourseelementsinresearch
articleshavealsobeenconductedbyDahl(2004)andotherscholarsengaged
intheKIAPproject(Fløttum,2006a,b).
Anotherprofessionalacademicgenrewhichhasreceivedaconsiderable
amountofattentionfromlinguistsistheresearcharticleabstract,atexttype
whoseimportanceinrecentyearshasbeengrowingwiththeincreasingnum-
berofacademiccontributionspublishedandwiththeemergenceofabstracting
electronicdatabases.Structurally,theabstractisashorterversionofanother
text,whosemostimportantpointsitpreservesinacondensedform.Itoftenfol-
lowsthestandardIMRDpatternoftheoriginalarticle(Swales,1990).Function-
ally,itsmostimportantroleistoinducethereadertoreadthewholetext,whose
uselectiverepresentation”itprovides(Hyland,2000:64).Italsoactsasavisiting
cardincontactswitheditorialboards,which,iffavourablyreceived,canopen
theauthor-reviewerdialogueor,ifnot,effectivelypreventtheauthorfrompub-
lishing.Thefunctionoftheabstractisthereforethreefold—toprovidemaxi-
muminformationintheseverelylimitedspaceoftext,towhetthereader)sap-
petiteformoredetails,andtopersuadethepotentialreviewerofthetimeliness
oftheresearch,soundnessofthemethodology,andexpertiseoftheauthor.
Linguisticfeaturesandrhetoricalorganisationofresearcharticleabstracts
havebeenstudiedbySwales(1990),whoalsocriticallyreviewspreviouslit-
