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Contents
2.Low-frequencycurrentandvoltagedisturbances...................55
2.1.Currentharmonics...................................................56
2.2.Flicker...............................................................57
2.3.Characteristicofmain?svoltage......................................60
2.3.1.Harmonics....................................................60
2.3.2.Unbalance.....................................................61
2.3.3.Dipsandinterruptions........................................63
2.3.4.Commutationnotches.........................................64
2.4.Solarstorm..........................................................65
3.Radio-frequencyelectromagneticdisturbances.....................69
3.1.SequenceoftoggledDCvoltage......................................69
3.1.1.Rectangularwaveform.........................................69
3.1.2.Pulsemodulation,radarpulsing...............................72
3.1.3.Trapezoidalwaveform.........................................74
3.1.4.Dampedoscillatorywaveform.................................77
3.2.Singleevents–pulses................................................80
3.2.1.Electricdischargeingases.....................................80
3.2.2.Spectraldensityoftrianglepulse..............................84
3.2.3.Dischargeofstaticelectricity..................................86
3.2.4.ElectricfasttransientsBURST................................90
3.2.5.Lightningdischarges..........................................92
3.2.6.Nuclear/High-altitudeElectroMagneticPulse..................97
3.3.RelevanceofthefrequencybandwidthBW.........................101
4.Propagationofdisturbances........................................103
4.1.Examplesofunsymmetricalandsymmetricaltransmission..........104
4.2.Galvaniccoupling..................................................106
4.2.1.Internalimpedanceofroundwire.............................108
4.2.2.Internalimpedanceofconductorwithrectangularcross
section.......................................................111
4.2.3.Precedenceofrectangularoverroundwirecommon
returnpath..................................................113
4.3.Electric(capacitive)andmagnetic(inductive)coupling.............115
4.3.1.Capacitivecoupling..........................................115
4.3.2.Inductivecoupling...........................................116
4.3.3.Dependenceofcapacitanceandexternalloopinductance
oncrosssection?sshape......................................117
Capacitiveandinductivecouplingbysymmetrical
transmission.................................................119
4.3.4.Transversetolongitudinalconversion.........................120
Decompositionofcurrentsintocommonanddifferential
mode........................................................122
