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ConstruingForeignLanguageEducaton
2.Asurveyoflanguageteachingmethods:
a)aparadigmatc(grammar)method–ischaracterizedbytheemphasislaid
onteachingPARADIGMSofgrammatcalformsandRULESofgrammargov-
erningthedistributonoftheseforms.Thus,pupilsareexpectedtolearn
alltheserulesandparadigmsBYHEARTandeńectvelydrillthemlateron;
ThemethodismostlyusedwhentheteacherisnotafluentTLspeaker;
b)asyntagmatcmethoddińersfromtheparadigmatconeinthatitteaches
constructons(syntagmas).Theprinciplesgoverningtheselectonofcon-
structonsconsttutethebasisforfurtherdińerentatonofthemethods
includedhere;
c)non-programmedsyntagmatcmethodsembraceahaphazardlycarried
outselectionofconstructions.WhatismainlytaughtisTHETOPICOF
THEDAY
.Pupilsareimmersedintothereallanguageandtheproblemof
itsunderstandingisofsecondaryimportance.Nobooksareadvisedhere;
nomaterialsforteachersrecommended;teachersarefreetodowhatever
theylike,withonlyonelimitaton–theyhavetousetheTLallthetme.
ThemainPRINCIPLEistoubenatural”;pupilsmustfeelthataretreatedas
iftheywereinthecountrywhoselanguagetheystudy;
d)programmedsyntagmaticmethodsarrangethematerialaccordingto
somelinguisticand/ordidacticreasons.IfitisonlytheFLthatistobe
consideredduringlessons,thetermuamono-structuralmethod”should
beused;if,however,anycontrastwiththemothertongue(MT)istobe
involvedonemayspeakaboutabi-structural(orcontrastve)method;
e)bothmono-andbi-structuralmethodsfavoureverydayconstructions
andvocabulary,oralteachingofgrammar,executedinaninductveway,
emphasisputonlisteningandrepettonaimedatfullautomatonofthe
constructonstaughttothepupils,stressonintonatonandsegmentalpro-
nunciatoninthecourseforthefirsttwoweeksaswellasevidentstresson
variousformsofdiversifiedformsofwork.Itisclaimedthatbothmethods
areeńectveifproperlyandsystematcallyapplied;
f)therearefourbasicprinciplesworkedout,whichgoinaccordancewith
thetwo(i.e.eithermono-,orbi-structural)methods.Itisbelievedthatany
FLteacheroughttofollowtheprinciples(specifiedbelow)iftheywantto
teacheńectvely.Theseprinciplesinclude:
–startwithsimplerconstructonsandproceedtomorecomplexones:
8
simplesentencesshouldbetaughtbeforemorecomplicatedones;
8
simplerauxiliarieswillgofirst;
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