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ACONTRASTIVEANALYSISOFPOLISHANDGERMAN…
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siderthosedegreesmostcloselyrelatedtothelexical,semanticandprag-
maticmeaningtobethemostimportant.Jokescarryanadditionallayer
ofmeaning.Asthepunchlineisoneofitsmostimportantelements,the
languageparameterisdesignedtoselectthecorrectvocabularyandplace
thepunchlineintheoptimumlocation.Tisisusuallyattheend.
NarrativeStrategy–theformajoketakes:asimplenarrative,dialogue
orriddle.Tenarrativestrategyisassociatedwithextensiveabbreviation,
whichentailstheomissionofmanyelementsthatthelistenerisexpected
toreconstruct.
Target–aparameterdefiningthetargetagainstwhomthejokeisdi-
rected.Teobjectridiculedcanbeanindividualoragroup.Somejokesare
repeatedinmanysituations.Astheyarebasedonstereotypes,itdoesnot
matterifthebroadcasterandtheaudiencebelieveinthestereotypespresent-
ed,sincetheonlyimportantthingforunderstandingthejokeiswhetherthe
audienceisfamiliarwiththem.Tisparameteristheonlyonementioned
thatcan,butdoesnothaveto,occurinajoke.
Situation–theprincipalsituationwherethejoketakesplaceandwhich
delineatesthebackgroundtoitsevents.Tisparameterrefersbroadlyto
theparticipants,objectsorinstrumentsnecessaryforthejoketofunction.
Ifthesituationinthetargetlanguageisnotthesameordoesnotexist,the
translatormayreplacethesituation.
LogicalMechanism–areversalofthefigure-backgroundandanessen-
tialelementofthejoke,forcingtherecipienttochangeperspectiveonthe
situationdefinedinthetext.LogicalMechanismistreatedasasolution
totheinconsistencyofscripts,anditdilerentiatesbetweenreferenceand
verbalhumour.Ajokemustprovidealogicalorpseudo-logicalexcusefor
absurdityorunreality.
ScriptOpposition–thescriptisthebasictermforRaskin’sSSTH
(1985),fromwhichGTVHdeveloped.Ascriptisacognitivestructure
internalisedbyalanguageuserandrepresentshis/herknowledgeofasmall
partoftheworld.Inadditiontocommonknowledgescripts,eachlanguage
