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NameetaMathur
andsocietyduringthelatepartitionedera,theinterwaryears,andinthe
communistperiod.1
ThesecondaryEnglishlanguageliteratureonPolishsportswomenisvir-
tuallynon-existent.ThesecondaryliteratureinthePolishlanguageonthis
subjectisalsolimited.However,whilethesecondaryliteratureonwomen’s
sportsisscarce,genderorwomen’sstudieshasbeguntorefashionPolish
historiography.SeveralPolishandwesternscholarsareexaminingthe
“womanquestion”inPolandmoreclosely.Thisscholarship,togetherwith
themoreextensivePolishlanguagesecondaryinformationonthedevelop-
mentofsportatlarge,providesausefulcontextforunderstandingwomen’s
sportingexperiencesinPoland.ThecombinedstudyofthehistoryofPo-
land,Polishwomen’shistory,andthehistoryofsportinPolandbringforth
contextsofforeignrule,nationalistandcommunistideologies,socio-
economictransformations,patriarchalconstraints,andstrugglesforwomen’s
emancipation,allofwhich,whencombinedwiththestudyofaprimary
sourcebaseofsportsnewspaperssuchas“Sport,”“Tempo,”and“Przegląd
Sportowy”andwomen’smagazinesandperiodicalssuchas“Przyjaciółka,”
“ModaiŻyciePraktyczne,”“KobietaiŻycie,”“KobietaWiejska,”and“Ko-
bietaDzisiejsza,”allowsonetonotonlydeconstructtheofficialimagesof
Polishsportswomenbutalsoprovideauniquelydifferentplatformforin-
vestigatingandinterpretingthemesofmodernization,imperialism,nation-
alism,andfeminism.
1.LATEPARTITIONEDPOLAND
FromthelatenineteenthcenturyuntiltheoutbreakoftheFirstWorld
WarPolandlaypartitionedbetweentheempiresofRussia,Prussia,and
Austria.Women’sphysicalcultureintheannexedterritoriesofthedis-
memberedcountryevolvedduringthistimeperiodwhennationalpriorities
werejuxtaposedwiththenewlyreformulatedwomen’sidentities.Thear-
duousstrugglesfornationalliberationcreatedsufficientspaceforwomen
tointegratetheirfledgingphysicalculturewiththepredominantlymascu-
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1ThisresearchwasfirstwrittenasmydoctoraldissertationWomenandPhysicalCulture
inModernPoland,Morgantown2001.Thereafter,thedissertationwasrevisedandpublished
intheformofthreearticlesandabook:Women’sSportsinLatePartitionedPoland,“Studiesin
PhysicalCultureandTourism”2002,no.9,pp.51-64;TheNewSportswoman:Nationalism,
Feminism,andWomen’sPhysicalCultureinInterwarPoland,“ThePolishReview”2003,no.4,
pp.441-462;ImagesofWomen’sPhysicalCultureinCommunistPoland:ACritiqueofPressReports,
“EuropeanStudiesinSportsHistory”2010,no.3,pp.79-95;andASportiveMatkaPolka:Na-
tionalismandFeminisminWomen’sPhysicalCultureinModernPoland,Saarbrücken2009.
