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|Chapter1.TheOtherMethodologyoftheOther
Inoppositiontothestatisofthesubjectofunityandtraditionalhuman-
ism,aswellastothepostmodernfinitudewithnosubjectorhumanism,Julia
Kristevacreatesthenotionandthetheoryofthesubject-in-process,rework-
inghumanistideas.
57
Shedescribesthedynamicsofthesubject-in-processin
termsofplurality,becoming,negativity,heterogeneity,andinfinitude.Te
subjectappearsopenandpolyphonic,endowedbothwithsamenessand
alterity.Kristevabeginsbytheorizingliterature:
Outofallhumanactivity
,literatureseemspossiblytheleastsusceptibletobeingreducedto
Hlanguage”orHthemind”lIfitallowsforthisclaimtobesustained,thisismainlyinorderto
departfromakeystrandincontemporarythought,whichdevelopedfromaphenomenological
inspirationandwasdevelopedwithinRussianformalismandFrenchstructuralism,fromJakobson
toBarthesandKristeva;itviewsliteratureasasystemofsignsoralogicalsynthesisbasedon
thenaturallanguageandcomparablewithlanguagel58
Distancingherselffromherownsemiotics,
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Kristevabelievesthatliterature
constitutesexperience,whichaltersinnerspace.Inotherwords,language
inliteraturebecomesthespaceofpassion,whereitfindsBeingasHsensitive
time”.Literature,intheactsofreadingandcreatingit(thedividinglineis
notfixed),bringsoneclosertoBeing;thisiswheresubjectivityflourishes.At
theheartofthehumanities,asWilhelmDiltheyteachesus,isexperience,
andexperienceisnotaboutidentity.JuliaKristevapositsherethenotion
ofplurality:ofexperience,withintra-andintersubjectivity;ofopeningup
toaloveoftheselfandtheOther,whichexcites,stimulates,dynamizes,
destabilizesandelevatestheself.TereisroomhereforErlebnis,afirst-hand
livedexperienceburstinginaflash,andforErfahrung,thatwhichbecomes
comprehension,patientknowledge,experience.TefundamentalErlebnisand
Erfahrungofreadingis,Kristevawarns,somethingweareacutelymissing.
Readingbroadenstheinnerspace,in-space.Innerspace,intra-subjectivity,
andinnerlifearekeywordsofKristeva’shumanism,forhumanismconsists
ofself-reflection.TakinginspirationfromHannahArendt’sphilosophy,Julia
Kristevaadvocatesupholdingtheprincipleofhumanity-humaneness.Arendt’s
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TetheoryofJuliaKristevaisthesubjectmatterofmyObcyjestwnas,butinthepresent
contributionIendeavortointerpretitinadilerentlightofanewhumanism.
58
JuliaKristeva,HMonstrueuseintimité(delalittératurecommeexpérience).Communicationau
NobelSymposiumLanguageandMind,”L)Infni(Paris:Gallimard),vol.48,Hiver(1994),55.
59
AttheheightofstructuralismandsemioticsintheWestandintheEast,therewerescholars
whopointedtothelimitationsofthesestrandsofthoughtandstressedtheneedforameth-
odologicalpluralism;theyincludeGeorgeSteiner,GabrielJosipoviciandEmmanuelLevinas
intheWest,andinPolandMariaJanion,IrenaSławińska,andAdamSchal.