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DziejeobiektówsportowychwEuropie
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wasnecessarytoplancityparks,intendedforsportandrecreation(BoisdeBoul-
ongeinParis,HydeParkinLondon,EnglishParkinMunich).Therevivalofthe
sportsmovementinthe19c,wasaccompaniedbytheconstructionofnumerous
sportsfacilities.AfterGermanTurnplatze,inmanycountrieswerecreatedcourts
forgymnasticandoutdoorgames,afterGermanTurnhalle-sportshallsforindoor
gamesandexercises.Inthe19c,theindoorartificialicerinks,indoorswimming
pools,velodroms,sportsclubs(rowing,sailing,cycling,cricket,tennis,shooting,
gymnastics)werefounded,accompaniedbytenniscourtsandfootballstadiums,
bobsleightracksandskijumps,indoorandoutdoorswimmingpools.
Inthe20thc,newmaterialsandconstructiontechniquesallowedtheconstruc-
tionofmonumentalbuildingsofsports,withincreasingspansofcoversoverstands
andarena-whichcreatedapossibilitytopracticemanydisciplinesindependently
ofweatherconditions(theCentennialReichHallinWroclaw).Forthepurposeof
trainingfutureteachersandtrainerstherewereestablisheduniversitiesofphysi-
caleducation(CentralInstituteofPhysicalEducationinWarsaw,universitiesin
StockholmandBerlin).
Sincethesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,wehavemoretodowith
thedivisionofsportsfacilitiesforthosewhopracticeactive,physicalrecreation
forfunandentertainmentandfacilitiesforthetrainingandsportscompetitions.
Naturally,theseboundariesarenotalwaysclearandobvious.Thesameswimming
pool,tenniscourts,anindoorartificialicerink-areusedbothforrecreationalac-
tivitiesandforsports,butindifferentdaysandhours.Ofcourse,notalwayssuch
amultifunctionaluseofthebuildingispossible.Tomaintainsportsarenasandsta-
diums,wherespecializedequipmentandfinishingmaterialsareused,thedimen-
sionsareinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthefederation(forexamplespecial
surfacesoftheplayingfield),standsprovidedfortheaudienceofmanythousands
-costsareveryhigh.Usingsuchconditionsforrecreationalpurposeswouldbe
unjustifiedluxury.Moreover,asitseems,4sportforall’shouldbeimplemented
primarilyinnaturalsurroundings,intheopenareas,furnishedformultipleforms
ofsportandleisure,withdevicescorrespondingtotheexpectationsofdifferent
socialgroups,guaranteeingahealthyenvironmentforphysicalactivity.
However,withoutadoubt,onefactorshouldbekeptascommonobligation
forallsportfacilities:bothmonumentalobjectsdesignedforcompetitivesports
andmodestprovisionsintendedforpopularandmass4sportrecreation’-should
notonlybefunctional,safeandeconomical-butalsobeautiful,ofhigh-quality
aestheticvalues.
