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Chapter1
KarolSzymanowski
andtheEuropeanMusicofthe1920s
KarolSzymanowski(1882–1937)isthemostnoteworthyPolishcomposeraf-
terChopin,andisconsideredthefatherof20th-centuryPolishmusic.Hismu-
sicaloutputbeginswithalate-RomanticaestheticinspiredbyChopininhis
opuses1through26,absorbsimpressionisticandexoticelementsinopuses29
to42,andlandsfirmlyattheNewObjectivityperiodmarkedbyareturnto
aClassicalapproachviafolkmaterialinhislateworks.Thepronouncedidi-
osyncrasieswithintheworksofeachperiodandatraceableKjourney”instyle
arestriking,asillustratedbythreeworks,thePreludesop.1,Methopesop.34,
andMazurkasop.50.Asimilarphenomenoncanbeobservedintheoutputof
othercomposers,mostnotablySchoenberg,Stravinsky,andHindemith,where
complexityandexperimentaltendenciesofoneperiodgivewaytoamoreClas-
sicalandhistoricallyself-consciousapproachinthesubsequentperiod.Thecon-
trastsbetweenSchoenberg’sThreePiecesop.11andSuiteop.25,Stravinsky’s
PetrushkaandSerenadeenla,andHindemith’sSuite1922andLudusTonalis
immediatelycometomind.
Szymanowski’searlypianominiatures,Preludesop.1andEtudesop.4,clearly
revealChopin’sinfluenceinregardtotexture,figuration,ornamentation,and
thetreatmentofharmony.Additionally,Szymanowski’sClassicalapproachto
phrasestructurealsoresemblestheaestheticevidentinChopin’searlystyle.
