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READING
Readthetextandanswerthequestions.
TeHumanBody
Tehumanbodyconsistsoftheheadandneck,thetrunk(torso)andfourlimbs
(extremities).
Tecranialcavityintheheadisfilledbythebrain.Techest(thorax)liesbetween
theneckandthediaphragm,asheetofmuscleundertheribs.Teribsformaprotective
cageforthecontentsofthechest.Tewallsofthechestaremadeupoftheribs,the
costalcartilages,theintercostalmusclesandthetransverseprocessesofthethoracic
vertebrae.Temediastinumisthecentralcavity.Itissituatedbetweenthelungs,in
theareabetweenthebreastbone(sternum)infrontandthespine(vertebralcolumn)
behind,andthediaphragmbelow.Itcompletelyseparatesonesideofthethoraciccavity
fromtheother.Teheartandmajorbloodvesselsleadinginandoutofit,thetrachea,
theoesophagus,thethymusgland,lymphnodesandvessels,andthevagusandphrenic
nervesarefoundwithinthemediastinum.Teabdomenliesbetweenthechestandthe
pelvis.Tediaphragmwhichseparatesthethoraciccavityfromtheabdominopelvic
cavityformstheupperboundaryoftheabdominalcavity.Tereisnopartitiondividing
theabdominopelviccavity,butitisseparatedintotheupperabdominalcavityandthe
lowerpelviccavity.Teabdomenisprotectedinthebackandonthesidesbytheribs,
thespineandthehipsandsurroundedbylayersofmuscleandfat.Teabdominal
wallislinedbytheperitoneum,aserousmembranewhichencloses,lubricatesand
supportstheorganscontainedinthecavity.Tecontentsoftheabdominalcavityare
organsofthedigestiveandurinarysystems.Teliverwiththegallbladderliesbelow
thediaphragmandtotheright.Testomach,thepancreasandthespleenlietotheleft.
Tesmallandlargeintestinesarelocatedbelowthestomach.Tekidneysaresituated
inthebackoftheabdominalcavityoneithersideofthevertebralcolumn.Teright
kidneyisfoundundertheliverandtheleftkidneyispositionedslightlyhigher,under
thespleen.Portionsofthesmallandlargeintestines,thebladder,therectumandthe
internalreproductiveorgansarewithinthepelvis.
1.Howmanybodycavitiesaredescribedabove?
2.Whereiseachofthemsituated?
3.Howisthethoraciccavityseparatedintotwoparts?
4.Whataretheboundariesofthemediastinum?
5.Whatorgansliewithinthemediastinum?
6.Whataretheupperandlowerboundariesoftheabdominalcavity?
7.Whatistheperitoneum?
8.Whichorgansystemsarefoundintheabdominalcavity?
9.Dobothkidneyslieatthesamelevel?
10.Whereisthelargeintestinefound?
11.Whichoftheorgansfoundinthethoracicandabdominalcavitiescanbe
successfullytransplanted?Anyotherorgans?
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