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Today111elementsarearrangedinthePeriodicTableaccordingtotheirincreasing
mass,asseeninTable2a.Chemistscustomarilydesignatewell-knownsubstances,
suchasiron,carbon,gold,silver,copperetc.,bytheirLatinnames.Eachatomhas
asymbol,constructedfromthelettersofitsLatinname;forexample,Cstandsfor
Carbo(carbon)andAgforArgentum(silver).InthePeriodicTabletheupperfigure
givesthenumberofelectrons(atomicnumber),whereastheloweronegivesthe
atomicweight.
Task7
Readthetextabove(Section2,pages26–28)andfindthephraseswhichmean:
a)[Dużysukces]byłrównieżspowodowanyfaktem
b)Kwasbyłrozróżnianyposmaku
c)Przewidywaniasięspełniły
d)Górnacyfraoznaczaliczbęelektronów
e)Wciągukolejnychdziesięcioleci
Task8
Giveshortanswerstothefollowingquestions:
1.Whatweretheearlyclassificationsofchemicalsubstances?
2.WhoandwhenwasthePeriodicSystemofElementsproposed?
3.WhatwasthegreatsuccessofMendeleevdueto?
4.Whatdoesthelawofperiodicitystate?
5.Howdoyouconstructthechemicalsymbolsofelements?
Task9
Readthesentencescarefullyandputinthemissingprepositions.
1.
...
...
...
.theMiddleAgesthealchemistsbasedtheirclassification...
...
...
.substances
...
...
...
.theirchemicalproperties.
2.Teyclaimedthatcausticsubstanceswereobtained...
...
...
.non-caustic
substances.
3.Medievalalchemistsused...
...
...
.distinguishacids...
...
...
.taste.
4.
...
...
...
.December,1870Mendeleevchangedthearrangementofhisperiodic
table...
...
...
.vertical...
...
...
.horizontal.
5.Temutualrelations...
...
...
.theproperties...
...
...
.theelementsandtheiratomic
weightscanbeapplied...
...
...
.alltheelements.
6.Mendeleevsucceededdue...
...
...
.thefactthathepredictedsomephysical
characteristics...
...
...
.theelementsandtheircompoundsunknown...
...
...
.
him.
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