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MartaSoniewicka
BargainingforValues:
FromaMarketEconomytoaMarketSociety
Introduction
T
describedbyHenrySummerMaineas"amovementfromStatusto
hetransitionfromarchaictomodernsocietieswasfamously
Contract”.[22]Itmaybeinterpretedassuchthatsocietiesbasedon
statusweremainlyconcernedwithfamilyandclassbonds,while
socialgoodsweredistributedaccordingtomerits.Societiesbasedon
contract,ontheotherhand,areconcernedwiththefreechoicesof
individualagents,whilesocialgoodsaredistributedaccordingto
socialagreementandareamatterofconsent.Thelawin
ademocratic-liberalstateisaninstrumentforsolvingconflictsand
definingrightsandduties,thusonemayargue,asJerzyStelmachand
BartoszBrożekdo,that“theultimatesenseoflegalnormsshouldbe
establishedthroughaprocessofdirectnegotiationsbetweenthe
conflictingparties.”[23]Onemayposethequestionofwhether
“anegotiationsense”ofthelawcouldandshouldbelimitedbyany
nonnegotiablevaluesorvirtues.
InthispaperIshalldiscusstheproblemofthelimitsofthe
negotiablesenseoflawbychallengingoneofthemodelsoflegal
negotiations,namelytheeconomicone.[24]Themainaimofmypaper
istorefutethethesisthat“theeconomicapproachisacomprehensive
onethatisapplicabletoallhumanbehavior.”[25]
I.Economicreasoningandvalues
1.Theassumptionsoftheeconomicmodelanditsdiscontents
Theeconomicapproachwhichisinvokedinthispaper,isbasedon
twofundamentalassumptions:(1)peoplearehominesoeconomici
(rationalegoists);(2)thefreemarketisefficient.Theassumptions
havebothadescriptiveandanormativemeaning.[26]Thefirst
