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astotheruler’splaceofresidence-Warsaw.3Similarly,Vilniusfunctionedasthemain
headquartersoftheCatholicChurchintheformerhereditarystateoftheJagiellon-
iandynasty,inparticularwithreferencetoscienceandeducation.ThroughtheJesuit
universitythetownwouldintegratetheactivityofthisthrivingorderinthewhole
RepublicofPoland.4Itishardlysurprising,then,thatbothcontemporariesandtheir
descendantsconsideredthosetimestobethemostauspiciousinthetwohundredyear
historyofthissplendiduniversityinthetownontheVilniaRiver.5Afteritconsolidated
itsfundamentalstructure(involvinggeneralknowledgeandtheology)duringthefirst
fiftyyearsofitsexistence,previousefortstoestablishafacultyoflawandmedicine
intensified.
Thefirstattemptstodosotookplacein1618,andtheyenjoyedthesupportofthe
mainauthoritiesoftheJesuitOrder,althoughtheywerefortheirseparationfromthe
structureoftheAcademy.Initialrestrictionswithrespecttoconfermentofacademic
degreesinthesesubjectshadbeenliftedbyLadislausIVin1641,andthestepswere
takentoprovidenewfacultieswithmaterialfoundations.TheCourtMarshalofLithua-
nia,KazimierzLew(Leon)Sapieha,6whohadinmindtheestablishmentofachair
ofcanonicalandcivillaw,providedthemeans,donatingtheconsiderableamountof
30,000florinforfacultysalaries,and15,000florinfortheextensionoftheuniversity
buildings.Asearlyasthefollowingyear,theprojectwasstarted,andtwolecturersin
thesesubjectswerebroughtfromIngolstadt.AleksanderAronOlizarowski,7whowas
broughtfromPaduaaroundthesametime,wasthethirdone.
Apoliticalwriter,whowasbornin1610anddiedin1659,AleksanderOlizarowski
camefromthevicinityofKiev.HereceivedhiseducationfirstfromlocalJesuitschools
(Nieśwież,Vilnius,Połock,Warsaw,Pułtusk,Poznań)andthenfromforeignones
(Wurzburg,Graz,Ingolstadt,whereadoctorateinbothbranchesoflawwasconferred
onhim).HejoinedtheOrderin1629onlytoleaveitsevenyearslater.Heshowed
apermanentinterestinthematterofpolitics,whichwasthesubjectofhismainwork,
Depoliticahominumsocietatelibritres(Gdańsk,1651).Hewrotethiswhileaprofes-
3Cf.M.Łowmiańska,Wilnoprzednajazdemmoskiewskim1655roku,Wilno1929;M.Kosman,
WilnaundKraków.BemerkungenzumHaupstadtweseninderehemaligenAdelsrepublik,[in:]Histo-
ry,CultureandlanguageofLithuania,collectivework,Poznań2000,pp.151-159;idem,Litewski
Wawel.ProblemstołecznychfunkcjiWilnadopołowyXVIIwieku,“ZapiskiHistoryczne,”vol.XLIV
,
Book3-4,Toruń1999.
4TheLithuanianprovinceoftheOrder,establishedintheearly17thcentury(theotheronewas
thecrownprovinceofPoland)includedMazoviaamongothers.FortheJesuitcontributiontothe
publiclife,includingtherealmofpolitics,atthetimeseeS.Obirek,JezuiciwRzeczypospolitej
ObojgaNarodówwlatach1564-1668.Działalnośćreligijna,społeczno-kulturalnaipolityczna,
Kraków1996.
5ThisstageisthoroughlypresentedintermsofsourcematerialsinthesecondvolumeofDzieje
AkademiiWileńskiejbyRev.LudwikPiechnik,RozkwitAkademiiWileńskiejwlatach1600-1655,
Rzym1983.
6Cf.A.Rachuba,SapiehaKazimierzLeon(Lew)herbuLis(1609-1656),pisarzwielki,potem
marszałeknadworny,wkońcupodkanclerzylitewski,PolskiSłownikBiograficzny,(hereinafter:PSB)
XXXV
,pp.31-34.
7FormoreabouttheendeavorstoestablishtheFacultyofLawseeL.Piechnik,op.cit.,
pp.157-178.
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