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andtheactivitiesof“white”Russiancentres,whereoneof
thelargestrolesofwhichduringthecivilwarinRussia
playedtheVolunteerArmyoperatingintheNorthernCauca-
sus.ThusIselectedthetopicsoftheseoutlines.
ThetopicofthefirstoutlineistheSouthernCaucasus
(Transcaucasia)untiltheendofWorldWarI.Althoughthe
outlinewillfocusprimarilyonpoliticalandmilitarytransfor-
mations,Iwillalsodiscusstheissueofsocial,economicand
othertransformationsasfaraspossibleinthisshortpaper.
ThesituationintheTranscaucasiachangeddramatically
between1914andtheendofWorldWarI.Atthebeginning,
theTranscaucasiawasapartofthetsaristRussiaterritory.
Then,threeindependentrepublicswereestablishedthere:
Georgia,Armenia,andAzerbaijancooperatingwithTurkey
andGermany.However,afewwordsshouldbesaidbefore-
handaboutthesituationintheTranscaucasiabeforetheout-
breakofWorldWarI.TheSouthernCaucasus(Transcauca-
sia),liketheNorthCaucasus,was(andstillis)anareainhab-
itedbymanynationalities.IntheTranscaucasia,thegreatest
rolewasplayedbyGeorgians,ArmeniansandAzerbaijanis.
Moreover,especiallyinthebigcitiesoftheTranscaucasia,
headedbyTbilisi,BakuandBatumi,thereweremanyimmi-
grants,especiallyRussians,butalsoJews,Germans,Poles
andrepresentativesofothernationalitieslivinginthetsarist
Russia
1
.
1
NationalArchives,WashingtonDC(CollegeParkMD)(NAW),
GeneralRecordsoftheDepartmentofState.RecordGroup59(RG59),
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