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beganattemptstowinovertheArmenianpopulationofthe
TranscaucasiabytheactivityoftheviceroyoftheCaucasus,
princeIllarionVorontsov-Dashkov,giving,amongothers,
greaterautonomytotheArmenianchurchinRussia.Thepro-
RussianattitudesofRussianArmenianswerealsosupported
bytsaristdiplomacyactivitiesaimedatgrantinglargerau-
tonomytotheArmenianpopulationinTurkey,whosepolitical
situationwasparticularlybad.TheRussianprojecttogrant
autonomytoArmeniansinTurkishEasternAnatolia,formu-
latedontheeveoftheoutbreakofWorldWarI,faileddueto
oppositionfromtheTurkishauthoritiessupportedbythe
Europeanpowers’governments
4
.Nevertheless,thebeliefinthe
pro-ArmenianattitudeoftheRussianauthoritieswasstrong
amongtheRussianArmeniansattheoutbreakofWorldWarI.
EspeciallyasthepoliticalleadersoftheRussianArmenians
paidalotofattentiontothedeterioratingsituationoftheArme-
nianpopulationinTurkey.BeforetheoutbreakofWorld
WarI,ArmenianpoliticalpartiesheadedbytheArmenian
RevolutionaryFederationDashnaktsutiun,playingthemost
importantroleamongtheArmenianpopulation,postulatedin
theirprogrammestheimprovementoftheArmenianssitua-
tioninTurkey
5
.
4
T.Wituch,SprawaautonomiiArmeniitureckiejwlatach1912–1914,
„KwartalnikHistoryczny”1983,nr1,pp.73–78,D.Rayfield,Edgeof
Empires.AHistoryofGeorgia,London2012,pp.318–319.
5
NAW,RecordsoftheAmericanCommissiontoNegotiatePeace.
RecordGroup256(RG256),GeneralRecordsoftheAmericanCommission
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