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includecreativeactivities,whichoccupypeople
intheirfreetime(NapierałaandMuszkieta,
2011;McLeanandHurd,2012;Mroczek-Żu-
licka,2018;Mokras-Grabowska,2018).Cre-
ativeactivitiescanbeunderstoodasthose
includingnovelty,expressingoneselfinan
originalandusefulwayorspendingtimedoing
artisticactivities(Conneretal.,2018,p.183).
Teideaofcreativityisconnectedwithvarious
areasofhumanactivities,regardingtourism
andrecreation(Richards,2011).Creativityin
turnmeanstodevelopdistinctiveplaces,land-
scapesandtouristdestinations,transforming
themintocreativespaces.Teyaredefinedas
placeswherecreativeproductionandperfor-
manceoccur.Teyaresociallyconstructed
productsofphysicalfacility,place,peopleand
operationalresources.Teycarrysignificant,
symbolicvalue(DuxburyandMurray2010).
Tereviewofliteratureonthesubjectof
recreationandleisureshowsthatthetermrec-
reationiscommonlyunderstoodastheaction
ofgettingbacktotheoriginalcondition,recov-
ery,regainingstrengthandrecreating(Demel
andHumen,1970;Czajkowski,1979;Drzew-
iecki,1992;Toczek-Werner,2007;Pawlikows-
ka-Piechotka,2009;NapierałaandMuszkieta,
2011).Tetermalsoincludesfreetimeactiv-
ities,takenupforthepurposeofrestoring
mentalandphysicalpowers(Warszyńskaand
Jackowski,1978;Medlik,1995;Kunicki,1997;
Bródka,2004;BachvarovandDziegieć,2005;
KurekandMika,2008;Pawlikowska-Piech-
otka,2009),aswellasresting,spendingtimein
apleasantway,orevenpersonaldevelopment
(Dumazedier,1972;Kunicki,1997;Bachvarov
andDziegieć,2005;Pawlikowska-Piechotka,
2009).Itshouldbealsoemphasizedthatout-
doorandindoorrecreationalactivitycanbe
distinguishedwithinentireconceptofrecre-
ation(Tribe,2011;Bończak,2013)Recreation
maybeenjoyedalongwiththousandsofpartic-
ipantsoritcanbeasolitaryexperience.Itmay
representalifetimeofinterestandinvolvement
orconsistofasingle,isolatedexperience.It
isablendofphysical,mentalandemotional
activity(Broadhurst,2001,p.2).
Mostcontroversiesareevokedbythedivi-
sionofrecreationintoactiveandpassive.Many
authorsclaimthatpassiverecreationinvolves
refrainingfromanymentalorphysicalactiv-
ity(Drzewiecki,1992;Pilawskaetal.,2003;
JustynaMokras-Grabowska
BachvarovandDziegieć,2005;Toczek-Werner,
2007;Pawlikowska-Piechotka,2009;Meeras,
2010).Activerecreation,ontheotherhand,
involvestakingupsuchanefort.Activerecre-
ationisusuallyunderstoodasphysicalrecre-
ation,whosebasiccomponentisphysicalefort.
QuotingWiniarski(2011,p.17),itisasport,
touristorhobbyistactivity,compensatingfor
movementdeficit(hypokinesis).
However,consideringthefactthatthemain
characteristicfeatureofrecreationisactiveness,
itbecomesacategoryofaction,oppositeto
inaction,includingactivitiessuchasrunning,
sailing,butalsoplayingboardgames,solving
crosswordpuzzlesorlookingatpiecesofartin
amuseum(Toczek-Werner,2007,p.10).Tus,
itisalwaysaformofactionandrecreational
activity,whichpeopletakeupinthetimefreeof
workandduties.AccordingtoWiniarski(2011,
p.13),thetermrecreationwasalreadyused
inthe17thand18thcenturytorefertoactivi-
tiesprovidingphysicalandmentalrestafer
tiresomework.Amongstallleisureactivities,
whichmaybepassiveandactive,recreation
requirescertainefort(physicalormental),soit
shouldbeanalysedonlyintermsofactiverest.
Recreationmaybeanequivalentof
anotherEnglishword-leisure.Accordingto
Dumazedier(1972,aferPilawskaetal.,2003,p.
15),leisureinvolvesasetofactivitieswhichan
individualmayindulgeinvoluntarily,torelax
duringthetimefreefromwork,familyand
socialduties.TetermdoesnothaveaPolish
equivalent,isdifculttodefineprecisely,has
ublurrededges”andisbasedonasubjective
senseoffreedom.However,itisaqualitative
phenomenonandreflectsthefeelingsaboutthe
experiencesandcontentwhichshouldchar-
acteriseleisuretime(BachvarovandDziegieć,
2005,p.80).Tisisbecausesubjectiveexperi-
encesexpressingagivenculturearetheessence
ofrecreationasapsychologicalphenomenon.
Leisure(orfree)timeistimespentawayfrom
workandduties(work,study,sleep,caringfor
dependants,chores(Broadhurst,2001,p.2).Itis
timeforsatisfyingpersonalneeds,amusement,
completerest,creativelabourandself-develop-
ment.Tisisjuxtaposedbyoccupiedtime.Itis
worthmentioning,thatthesameactivitieshave
diferentmeaningsinfreeandoccupiedtime.
Forexamplesleepingasabiologicalnecessity
(occupiedtime)andasnapping,relaxing(free
