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IdentityintheMulticulturalWorld
anumberofnationalmovementsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,was
challengedbyWelsh.Itshouldberemembered,however,thatHerderfoundin
culturetheonlyfactorintegratingtheGermannationinthefaceofabsenceof
anystatestructures,butlater,othersusedhiswordstoincreasecredibilityof
manynationalistandseparatistmovements.Meanwhile,Welsharguinghisscien-
tificattitudenoticedthateventhetraditionalcultures,infact,showedevidence
ofdiversity.Terefore,theconfluenceofculturesintoday)sglobalisedworldis
notnew,butitdidnotoccuronsuchalargescaleinthepastasitdoesnow-
adays.Welshhimselfrecognisesthatinthemodernworldtherearenopure
cultures.Hesaysvividlyandbluntly,thatu[…]weareallhybrids”(Welsh2004:
41-43).Teonlyproblemistheattitudeoftolerancetowardsculturaldiversity.
Towhatextentisitcoexistence,andtowhatextentisitarealconflict,orone
locatedonlyinthesymbolicsphere?
Inthescientificbutalsointhepublicdiscourseofthemostimportantphe-
nomenaofthemodernworld,thedebateonmulticulturalism,thatis,coexistence
ofmultipleculturesinaparticularsocialspace,whichinteractwithoneanother,
takesamoreimportantplace.Multiculturalismisalsoaninstitutionalised-on
theprinciplesofdemocracy-coexistenceofindividuals,communities,andother
formsofsocialcolectivitywithinthestateorganism.Insuchasystem,theyrefer
totheproperculturalstructurecreatedbyacollectionofideas,beliefs,views,
specifichabits,andcustoms,withanaxiologicalandnormativeorder.Tisiden-
tificationstrengthenstheinnerunityofthegroupandcreatesitsseparateness
fromtheoutsideworldexpressedbytheprinciple:Wearewhoweare,weare
dińerent,andthefactthatwearedińerentisthereasontobeproud,andnot
tobeashamed.Tissentencecomestotheforefrontofsocialexistenceinthe
societieswhoseessenceistheideaofmulticulturalism.Inthemodernworld,
multiculturalismisbecominganincreasinglycommonphenomenon,althoughit
isnotrecognisedandacceptedbyeveryone.Sometimesitisalsoquestionedand
seenasthecauseofsomenegativesocialphenomena.Multiculturalismwhich
isbasedonculturaldińerenceistheresultofidentificationofparticularculture
withanethnicgrouporraceu[…]eachethnicgroupshouldtreatthevalueof
theirowncultureasasignofindividualityanddiversity.Tespecificityofeach
groupmustbefullyrespected,andparticularly-itmustberespectedbythe
Cmajority)ofthesociety,whichsofarhasimposedtheexistingculturalcanon
ontheminoritygroups”(burszta1997:29).Cultureisthebasisofdińerencefor
eachgroup,whichallowsitsmembers)self-determination.Tosewhofindthem-
selvesinadińerentculturalsystem,emphasisetheirindividuality,whichprevents
themfromvanishinginthenewenvironment.Tissituationfavoursformation
ofethnicgroupsisolatingthemselvesfromtheoutsideworld,whichincapacitate
theirmembers,andthusleadtotheemergenceofcompetingghettosandethnic
diasporas.butmulticulturalismwhichmeans:u[…]ideologyandpolicyofre-
spectingandharmonisingculturaldińerencesintheareaofagivencountry[…]”
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