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TomaszKubin,MałgorzataLorencka,MałgorzataMyśliwiec
andattimesprevent,necessaryreformsaltogether.Socialdiscontentinstigated
bytheaforementionedfactorswasthemaincontributingfactorsbehindtheap-
pointmentofthetechnocraticgovernmentofMarioMonti.However,thedis-
missalofthecentre-rightgovernmentin2008asaresultoftheeconomiccrisis
ledpoliticalgroupstobegincooperatingwitheachother.Italsoweakenedthe
politicaldivideintopartieswhichhadeithersupportedoropposedSilvioBerlus-
coni’spolitics,anarrangementthathadexistedsince1993.Itwasalsoassumed
thatsocialdiscontentwasthemainfactorwhichhadledtotheemergenceof
anewpopulistandanti-systemicgroupcalledtheFiveStarsMovementandto
achangeofpoliticalcompetitiontowardsathree-blocsystem.Thenextresearch
assumptionstatesthattherestructuringofthepartysystemforcedonbythe
crisiscontributedtothecreationofunstablecabinetsformedoutofcentre-right
andcentre-leftgroupsafterthe2013parliamentaryelections.Furthermore,it
wastheeconomiccrisisandthepoliticalinstabilitythatincreasedtheroleand
significanceofthePresidentoftheItalianRepublicGiorgioNapolitano(Italy’s
firsteverpresidenttobeelectedforthesecondterm)andoftheConstitutional
Court(e.g.decisionontheunconstitutionalityoftheparliamentaryelectionlaw
in2014).Ananalysiswasalsomadetodeterminehowthe2008economiccrisis
contributedtothedissolutionofItaly’sprovinces,thatis,thesecondlevelthe
country’sterritorialdivision,andthustothepreventionoffurtherdecentralisa-
tion.Asinthepreviouschapters,theresearchassumptionsstatedherewillalso
beverifiedattheendofthechapter.
Asummaryofthediscussions,foundintheparttitled“Verificationofre-
searchassumptions,”answerstotheresearchquestionsposed,andverification/
falsificationoftheassumeddetailedhypothesesisincludedattheend.Given
theproblem-centredapproachofthepublicationandinordertoensuregreater
transparency,thereferencespresentedhereinarebrokendownthematicallyand
locatedattheendofeachofthebook’schapters.
Theauthorswouldalsoliketothankallthosewhoseassistanceandgood-
willhelpedinthewritingofthisbook.
ThechapteronthepoliticalsystemofGreecewouldnotbeasrichinin-
formationhaditnotbeenfortheremarksofProfessorKostasMavriasand
Dr.MarianthiG.KalyviotoufromtheScientificCounciloftheGreekPar-
liament,ProfessorDimitriosA.SotiropoulosfromtheUniversityofAthens,
Dr.GiuliaAravantinouLeonidifromthe“LaSapienza”UniversityinRomeand
Mr.AlexandrosAndrikopoulos.
WewouldalsoliketothankHisExcellenceAgustínNúñezMartínez,the
AmbassadorofSpaininPolandandMs.CarmenBatresRodríguez,theAdvisor
forInformationattheEmbassyofSpaininPoland,fortheirveryinsightfulinput
andhelpinunderstandingtheinternalsituationinSpainafter2008.