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Applicationofthemethodoflaserspectroscopyintheclassifcationofminingmaterials
thatisinthermodynamicequilibriumandwhoseelementalcompositionis
thesameasthatofthetestsample.Teradiationproducedbysurfaceab-
lationiscollectedandrecordedusingopticalfiberandtransmittedtothe
spectrometer.Performingadetailedanalysisofthespectraoflinearradia-
tionallowstheidentificationofatomsandionsintheplasmathatcorre-
spondtothechemicalcompositionofthetestedsample16.Temechanism
ofplasmaformationisthebasicprocessthatmustoccurtoobtaindataon
thechemicalcompositionofthetestsample.Ahotplasmacloudiscreated
bytheactionofashort,intenselaserpulseonthetestsample.Tesupplied
energyexcites,ionizes,andthenevaporatesthematerial17.
MeasurementsofselectedsamplesweremadeusingtheDiamondFLQ
fiberlaserandtheOceanFXspectrometer.Tenominaloutputwavelength
ofthelaseris1064mm,theaveragepoweris110W
,thepeakpoweris12
kW
,thepulsedurationis80-500ns,andthefrequencyoftheirgeneration
(PRR)is20to200kHz.Tedeviceemitsinvisible,infraredpulsedlaserra-
diationcorrespondingtoclass4.AnintelliCUBE10scanningheadwasused
toguidethelaserbeam.Tebeamwasdeflectedusingtwomirrorsongal-
vanometricdrives,andanf-thetalenswasusedtofocusthebeam18.Ocean
FXspectrometerwasusedtocollectthedata,thespectralrangeofwhichis
from200to1100nm,opticalresolution-2.39pixels,andtheintegrationtime
isfrom10µsto10s19.Teconstructedprototypeofthemeasuringstation
(Fig.1)madeitpossibletotestselectedsamplesofminingmaterialsfroma
distanceof7to15cm.
Tedescribedresearchwascarriedoutonselectedsamplesofrocksalt,
potassiumsalt,andbrowncoal.Additionally,preliminarytestswerecarried
outonsamplesofcopper-bearingshale.Rockandpotassiumsaltsaresam-
plescharacterizedbyarelativelysimpleandhomogeneousstructure,low
variabilityincomposition,andasmallamountofimpurities.Ontheother
hand,lignitedepositsarecharacterizedbyhighvariabilityofthechemical
compositionatindividuallevelsofthedepositionlayers,whichsignificantly
16CremersD.,RadziemskiL.,Handbookof...,op.cit.
17KashifC.,SyedZ.,JalilA.,2016.Laser-InducedPlasmaanditsApplications,PlasmaScienceandTech-
nology–ProgressinPhysicalStatesandChemicalReactions,TetsuMieno,IntechOpen:https://www.
intechopen.com/books/plasma-scienceandtechnology-progress-in-physical-states-and-chemical-
reactions/laser-induced-plasma-and-its-applications-accessedon02/20/2020.
18DiamondFLQOperator’sManual,2017.Nufern,G026DOCRev.AT;SCANcube,intelliCubeleaf-
let,2014.SCANLABGmbH:https://www.scanlab.de/en/downloads/data-sheets-accessedon
02/20/2020.
19OceanFXMiniatureSpectrometer,2017.UserManual.OceanOptics,Inc.
19
