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14
ChapterOne
toryroleofdistinctivefeatureshaveextendedinthattheycouldnotonlydefine
contrastsbutalsoaccountforsoundafliationandphonotacticrestrictionsin
afast-growingbodyofphonologicaldata(Mielke2011).
Itisanordinarycourseofeventsthatduringtheirearlyphaseofformula-
tiontheoreticalmodelscansuferfromsomedesignflaws.Inthedevelopment
ofatheory,however,suchflawsareofeneradicated,corrected,orpatchedup.
Thiswasthecasewiththefeaturetheorytoo;thealmostimmediatecriticism
thatsweptthroughitledinconsequencetovariousmodificationsandrefine-
mentsproposedduringthe1960sbyMorrisHalleandJamesMcCawley,among
manyothers.Excludingsomeradicalsolutionswhichaimedatcompletere-
placementofthefeaturetheory,exemplifiedbyPeterLadefoged’searlypubli-
cations,mostresearcherssimplyproposedanewsetoffeatures,forinstance,
Schane(1973),whoarguesforperceptualcorrelatesoffeaturesalongwiththe
articulatoryandacousticones.However,oneofthemostinfluentialmodifi-
cationswasthereplacementofRomanJakobson’sacoustically-basedfeatures
bythearticulatory-basedonescarriedoutbyChomskyandHalle’s(1968)The
SoundPaternofEnglish(SPE).Thisratherunexpectedchangehadfar-reaching
implicationsforsubsequentsegmentalstudiesinthatthearticulatoryfeatures
dominatedsegmentalmodelsforthenextseveraldecades.
Anumberofrevisedortotallynewphonologicaltheoriesarerootedinthe
traditionalSPEmodelinthattheystillmakeuseofarticulatory-basedfeatures,
forexample,variousfeaturegeometrymodels,LexicalPhonologyor,more
recently,OptimalityTheory.Ontheotherhand,alongwiththedevelopment
ofpurelyarticulatorymodelsofsegmentalphonology,likeSPEandfeature
geometry(Clements1985,1991;Sagey1986),moreabstractmodelsrelyingon
monovalentparticlesorelementswereproposed,likeDependencyPhonology
(AndersonandEwen1987),ParticlePhonology(Schane1984),andGovernment
Phonology(Kayeetal.1985,1990).Additionally,theoppositeperspectivehas
beenchosenbythoseresearcherswholookforthebuildingblocksofsegmental
structureinthespeechsignal,thatis,intheorieswhichareacousticallyand
perceptuallyoriented,forinstance,MotorTheoryofSpeechPerception(Liber-
manetal.1967;LibermanandMatingly1985),DirectRealistTheoryofSpeech
Perception(Fowler1981,1984,2003),orAuditoryEnhancementTheory(Diehl
andKluender1989;Diehletal.1990)(seeSection4.3).
Thepurposeofthisshortoverviewofthehistoryofsegmentalphonology
istoemphasizethefactthatthestudyoftheinternalstructureofsegmentshas
alwaysbeenoneofthemostimportantissuesinphonologicalinvestigation.
Andthatthesearchforthesetofphonologicalprimesandtheconstantrevision
oftheircharacterisdefinitelyworththeefort.Thisviewbecomesevidentwhen
webrowsethroughthephenomenathatarecurrentlybeingdiscussedinpho-
nologicalliterature.Onehotlydebatedtopicconcernsvowel-consonantinterac-
tions.Indeed,processeslikevowel-triggeredpalatalizations,whichcausethe
