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DanutaStanulewicz,IzabelaBerger
Ouniwersalnościskojarzeńzbarwami...
Summary
ONTHEUNIVERSALITYOFASSOCIATIONSWITHCOLOURS:
ASSOCIATIONSWITHWHITE,BLACK,RED,GREEN,YELLOWANDBLUE
Theaimofthispaperistopresenttheresultsofasurveystudyofassociationswith
colours,carriedoutamong72usersofdifferentlanguageslivingindifferentcountries
inEurope,Africa,Asia,MiddleAmericaandSouthAmerica0Therespondentswere
askedtoprovideassociationswithwhite,black,red,green,yellow,blue,brown,pur-
ple,orange,pinkandgrey0Inthispaper,weconcentrateonthefirstsixcolours0
TheresultsofthesurveystudyconfirmthatinmanylanguagesusedinEurope,
theprototypicalreferenceofthewordsforwhiteissnow,andforthewordsforyellow
itisthesun0InlanguagesspokennotonlyinEurope,theprototypicalreferenceofthe
wordsforblackisthenight,andthewordsforbluehavetheskyastheirreference0
Theinfluenceofgeographicalconditionsonassociationswithcoloursisalsoobserved
inthecaseofrespondentslivinginMiddleAmericaandSouthAmerica:theygave
boththeseaandtheskyasassociationswithblue0
Culturalfactorsmayalsohaveaneffectonassociationswithcolours,forinstance
associatinggreenwithhope–althoughthisassociationmaybebasedonobservations
ofspringandvegetation0Theassociationsofredwithloveandpassionhaveaphysio-
logicalbackground0Associationswithcolorsmaybeinfluencedbyfixedphrases0
Keywords:associations,colours,coloursymbolism,prototypicalreferences,surveystudy
