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meGreatMigrationofSerbsandtheQuestionoftheSerbianEthnicandReligiousCommunity…
Duringthe18thcentury,therewereconflictsbetweenSerbs,whodefended
theirprivileges,andHungarianclasses,whochallengedtheseprivilegesandthus
didnotfeelobligedtorespectthem.Forinstance,thiscreatedsituationsinwhich
bishopswerenotabletovisitparishesandbelieversonaristocraticestatesorin
freeroyalcities.Teywerealsoofendeniedtherighttoappointparishpriests
onmanorsandinfreeroyalcities.Insuchdisputes,theCourthadtheroleofar-
bitrator.AlthoughalltheheirsofLeopoldIhadconfirmedtheSerbianprivileges
(JosephIin1706,CharlesVIin1713,MariaTeresain1743),theywereslowly
changingthemthroughtheirarbitrationsinthedisputes,clarifyingthemorin-
terpretingtheminadińerentway21.Insomeperiods,theSerbianprivilegessuit-
edtheinterestsoftheCourt,whichusedthempurposefullytoprovokeconflicts
betweenSerbsandHungariannobility.Inthatway,theHabsburgssuppressedthe
pretensionsoftheHungarianAssemblyandexercisedtheirpowerinHungary
moreefciently.
DuringthereignofMariaTeresa,thesearchforastrategytoresolveperma-
nentlytheissueofthelegalstatusoftheSerbianChurchandtheprivilegesofthe
Serbianpeopleinawaythatsuitedthestate)sinterestsbegan.Tisprocesslasted
fordecadesandwasmarkedbythereformofinternalrelationsandorganisationof
theMetropolitanateofKarlovci,twoadoptedandthenwithdrawnlegalactsonthe
SerbianChurchandtheprivileges,popularrevolts22.Teoutcomewasaspecial
law,theRescriptumDeklaratoriumIllyricaeNationispassedin1779.Itprescribed
theinternalorganisationoftheMetropolitanateofKarlovci,establishedcontrol
overthepeople)sandchurchlifeofSerbsintheHabsburgMonarchy,andregulated
thelegalandpoliticalstatusoftheSerbianpeopleandtheOrthodoxChurch.Te
RescriptumDeclaratoriumannulledthepoliticalcharacterofLeopold)sprivileges
onwhichthelegalandpoliticalstatusoftheSerbianChurchandpeoplehadbeen
baseduntilthen,andcreatedanewone.In1779,thevalidityoftheSerbianprivi-
legeswasreducedtochurchandreligiousissues,andeverythingelsewasregulated
21TelegalpossibilityofadińerentinterpretationofthetextsoftheedictsofEmperorLeopold
IwasprovidedbytheconfirmationofJosephIof1706.Heincludedtwoclausesinthetextofthe
Privilege.Accordingtotheso-calledreservationclause,therulerretainedfullpowertointerpretthe
grantedfreedomsandrightsfurtherbygivingthem,inaccordancewithcircumstances(protem-
porumconditione),anevenbetterform.InthetextofthedocumentissuedthroughtheHungarian
CourtOfce,anotherclausewasaddedtothereservationclause,accordingtowhichthisbetterform
oftheprivilegeswouldbespecifiedinmoredetaillater,withrespectfortherightsofothers(salvojure
aieno),i.e.withoutinfringementofathirdpartyrights.Teseclauseswerecopiedinallsubsequent
confirmationsofthePrivileges.Cf.J.РАIОHИB,М.КОСТИB,Српскепривилегиjеł,p.39-40,57.
22See:И.ТОЧАHАHРАIОВИB,ТерезиjанскацрквенареформаиСрби,[in:]Државаиполи-
тикеуправlаIа(18-20.век),ed.P
.KRESTIĆ,Београд2017,p.9-36.
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