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SAMPLEPREPARATIONTECHNIQUES
Introduction
Samplepreparationiscrucialintheenvironmental9biomedicalandphar-
maceuticalanalysisandofteninvolveselaborate9time-consumingproce-
dures(app.80%ofthetotalanalysistime).Choosinganappropriatesample
preparationmethodismostimportantinthequalitativeandquantitative
determinationoftargetcompounds9particularlyintraceamount.Awide
varietyofcompoundscanbefound9rangingfromthosehighlylipophilic
tothosemoderatelypolar9amongvarioussamples9ande[hibitingbasic9
acidic9orneutralproperties.Inaddition9thisstepisessentialforseveral
reasons:toeliminateapossiblecompoundinterference9toconcentrateand
stabilizethetargetanalytessample9andfinally9totakethesampletotheop-
timalsucientconditionsforthefinalchromatographicorotheranalysis
[3-5].
Thecredibilityofanalyticaldeterminationisthebasisfortheproper
interpretationoftheobtainedresults.Oneofthemostimportantparam-
eterscharacterizingtheeciencyofagivenanalyticalmethodisselectiv-
ity9iśH.theabilitytounequivocallydeterminetheanalyteinthepresence
ofothercompounds.Greatvariabilityofsampleswithregardtocontents
andthestateofmatterofthematri[requiresapplyingnumerousmethods
ofselectiveandspecificsamplepreparationaswellasarangeofecient
e[tractingtechniquesofthetestedcompoundsandtheirpurificationbefore
thefinaldeterminationstage[4-11].Therefore9inbioanalyticalresearch9
onecanalsoobserveadevelopmentinanalyteisolationtechniquesfrom
sampleswithcomple[matrices.Thistrendmainlyreflectsthetendencyto
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