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JerzyRajman
Itisnotsurethattheroyalfamiliareswerecourtoficials.85Theterm
familiarisinrelationtotheroyalcourtdoesnotaccompanypeoplewho
heldotheroficesattheroyalcourt,suchasthemasteroftheroyal
kitchen,masterofthecourt,etc.Forcomparison,itisworthpointing
outthat,asthefamiliaresofSpytekfromMelsztyn,whofellwithhim
atthebattleatWorsklariver,Długoszmentionedthemarshal,thecup-
bearer,thenotary,thetreasurerandseveralotherswithoutofices,86
aswellasonthedocumentoftheDukeofMazoviafrom1423,whenthe
termfamiliaresincludedallwitnessingoficialsoftheprince.87There
arealsoexamplesshowingthatthesamepersonsappearbothamong
thoseidentifiedastheking’sfamiliaresandamongcubiculares.Ofcourse,
aquestionarisesastothedegreeofprecisionofthesources,butthis
cannotbestatedwithoutmeticulousanalysisandanattempttoiden-
tifythecharactersappearingthere.Ileavethedetailedconsideration
ofthisissue,aswellastherelationshipofthefamiliareswithbailińs,88
foraseparatestudy.Questionsaboutthefateofthefamiliares,when
theirmaster/mistressdied,aswellasthephenomenonthatfamiliaris
couldhavehadtwomasters(thecaseofZawiszatheBlack)shouldalso
bebroughtbackforstudyandresearch.
Ialsoomitatthispointtheanalysisofthesocialoriginsandcareers
oftheroyalfamiliares,which,togetherwiththedetailedidentification
ofeachofthem,isthesubjectofmystillunfinishedresearch.Itshould
beassumedthattheycamefromthenobilityandafteraperiodofwork
forthemonarch,therewasanopportunityforthemtotakeofice.Getting
intothisgroupwasanhonor,butitalsoensuredalivelihood,especially
importantforyoungernoblesons.Theroyalcurienesesetfamiliareswere
mentionedbyDługoszastakingpartinnegotiationswithprinceWitold
in1429.89SomeofthemsupportedPrinceWitoldandońeredhimthe
85B.Czwojdrak,Zbadańnaddworem…,p.177-178andthesameaswell
B.Czwojdrak,ZofiaHolszańska…,p.104.Shecharacterizesthisgroupas“house-
holdmembers,peoplewithoutaspecificcourtfunction…,”butincludedfamiliares
among“oficialsofthecourtofQueenSophia,”B.Czwojdrak,ZofiaHolszańska…,
p.225,soonaparwiththevice-chancellorormasterofthecourvol.Theauthor’s
viewthatthefamiliaresofQueenSophia“shouldnotbeassociatedwiththe
courtiers(curienses)isalsodebatable,B.Czwojdrak,ZofiaHolszańska…,p.104.
86Długosz,Annales,lib10,p.229.
87ZDM5,No.1339.
88Por.G.Rutkowska,Dwórpolskichkrólowych…,p.888,literaturethere.
89Długosz,Annales,lib.10-11,p.266:notabilesPoloniebaronesWladislawi
Polonieregiscuriensesetcontinuifamiliares.
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