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fruitsandthepresenceofproprootsmaybefoundin“Speciesplantarum”
(Linnaei,1753).Inhis“GeneraPlantarum”Linnaei(1754)presentedshortin-
formationonthestructureofflowersinfigtrees,whichheclassifiedaspo-
lygamous.
ThefirstattemptattheclassificationofthegenusFicuswasundertaken
byTunberg(1786).Basedontheshapeofleafbladeshedistinguishedtwo
groupsoffigtrees,onecomprisingspecieswithdividedleafblades,while
theothergroupincludedspecieswithundividedleafblades.Additionally,
hedescribedindetailthestructureofflowersandthesyconiumasfeatures
characteristicofthegenusFicuso
ThesystemproposedbyGasparrini(1884,1885)wasbasedongenerative
characteristics.WithinthegenusFicushedistinguishedtensubgenera:Ficus
Gasp.,CaprificusGasp.,TenoreaGasp.,UrostigmaGasp.,MacrophthalmaGasp.
(=VisianiaGasp.),CystogyneGasp.,GaloglychiaGasp.,CovelliaGasp.,Syco-
morusGasp.andErythrogyneVis.ThisconceptwasadoptedbyMiquel(1847,
1848),whofinallymodifiedtheclassificationdevelopedbyGasparrini.He
combinedcertaingeneraandeventuallyproposedseven,whichhedivided
intothreegroupsdependingonthepresenceofperygoniaintheflower.In
thegroupwithflowerscontainingperygoniaheincludedthegenera
Urostigma(Gasp.)Miq.,PharmacosyceaMiq.,PogonotropheMiq.,Sycomorus
(Gasp.)Miq.,FicusL.HeclassifiedthegenusCovellia(Gasp.)Miq.tothenext
group,inwhichfemaleflowersdidnotcontainperygonia,whilethethird
groupcomprisedthegenusSynoeciaMiq.,withallnakedflowers.Ontheba-
sisofthestructureofgenerativeorgansandtheshapeofleafbladesMiquel
(1867)distinguishedsubgenerawithinthegenusFicus,onlytocombine
themlaterintoonegenusFicuswithseveralsubgenera.
Almostahundredyearshadpassedbeforethenextchangeswereintro-
ducedintheclassificationofthegenusFicus.Corner(1960a,b,1961,1962,
1965)proposedanewclassificationwheninvestigatingthegenusFicusin
thefloraofAsiaandAustralasia.Inthiscaseitwasbasedmainlyonthe
structureofflowers,whilealsoincludingthecharacteristicsofsyconia,hairs,
seedsandtheanatomicalstructureofleaves,particularlythepresenceof
cystoliths.WithinthegenusFicustheauthordistinguishedthreemonoecious
subgenera:Pharmacosycea(withtwosectionsdistributedworldwide:Oreosycea
andPharmacosycea),Sycomorus,andUrostigma(withsevensectionsfound
worldwide:Americana,Conosycea,Galoglychia,Leucogyne,Malvanthera,Stilpno-
phyllum,andUrostigma)aswellasthesubgenusFicuswithdioeciousspecies,
witheightsectionsdistinguished,i.e.Adenosperma,Ficus,Kalosyce,Neomorphe,
Rhizocladus,Sinosycidium,SycidiumandSycocarpus.
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