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Hyaluronicacid–properties,applicationandsynthesisofHAsubunits
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aproticsolvent[30b].AnothermethodtomodifyHAinvolvesformation
ofhyaluronan-N-hydroxysuccinimide(HA-NHS)8asanintermediate
(Fig.12).Thisactivatedestercanbeexploitedinsynthesisofnotonly
drug-polymerconjugatesbutalsofluorescentprobesaswellascross-
linkedhydrogels.Forinstance,HA-NHSwasutilisedinsynthesisof
afluorescentHA-BODIPYconjugate.Thisconjugatewasusedtostudy
intracellularuptakeintocellsoverexpressingHAcell-surfacereceptors[47].
n
8
n
Fig.12.SynthesisoftheHA-NHSderivative
Tosumup,duetoitsbiocompatibilityaswellasuniqueproperties,
HAcanbeutilizedasaneffectivedrugcarrier.Itisabletodirectbioac-
tivemoleculestotumourtissuesowingtoitsaffinityforreceptorsover-
expressedbycancercells.Moreover,itsrelativelysimplestructurecanbe
takenasanadvantagewhenitcomestosynthesisofHAderivativescon-
tainingtherapeuticagents.
5.SynthesisofHA
BiologicalfunctionsofHAdependdramaticallyonitsmolecular
size.Asaresult,itisveryimportantintermsofcellbiologicalstudiesas
wellaspreparationofHAderivativesofpotentialmedicinalapplications
tousehomogenousmaterial.Mostcommonmethodsallowingtoobtain
HAoligomersofdefinedchainlengthsinvolvetheenzymaticdigestionof
polymericHAderivingfromnaturalsourcesfollowedbysize-exclusion
chromatography[48],and/orionexchangechromatography[49],orre-
verse-phaseionpairhighperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)
[50].Theabovemethodsprovideeven-numberedoligosaccharidesof
minimumlengthoftwodisaccharideunits.Eventhough,thesekindof
methodsproducehomogenousoligosaccharideswithregardtolength,
