Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama

Aleksandra Kalaga

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8012-940-5

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Śląski

Rok wydania:

2016

Liczba stron:

158

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Kalaga, Aleksandra. Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama. Red. . Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 2016, 158 s. ISBN 978-83-8012-940-5

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Kalaga, A.

T1 Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama

PB Uniwersytet Śląski

PP Katowice

YR 2016

SN 978-83-8012-940-5

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 180147, author = "Kalaga, Aleksandra", editor = "", title = "Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama", publisher = "Uniwersytet Śląski", year = "2016", address = "Katowice", isbn = "978-83-8012-940-5" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Kalaga, Aleksandra

ED -

TI - Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama

PB - Uniwersytet Śląski

CY - Katowice

PY - 2016

SN - 978-83-8012-940-5

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Kalaga, Aleksandra. Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama [baza danych online] Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 2016 [dostęp: 28 08 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/nomina-agentis-in-the-language-of-shakespearean-drama-aleksandra-kalaga-180147.

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8012-940-5

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Śląski

Rok wydania:

2016

Liczba stron:

158

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Table of contentsAbbreviations and symbols /9
Introduction /11
1.1 The place of nominalisations in grammar /15
Chapter 1: Nominalisations in selected linguistic theories /15
1.2 Nominalisations in Structural Linguistics /17
1.3 Nominalisations in Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG) /18
1.4 Nominalisations in Generative Semantics (GS) /25
1.5 Nominalisations in Cognitive Linguistics /27
1.6 Nominalisations in the approaches based on the theory of selectional restrictions /29
1.7 Conclusion /32
2.1 The notion of productivity in linguistics /33
Chapter 2: The problem of productivity in word-formation /33
2.2 Productivity as frequency versus productivity as potentiality /34
2.3 Productivity with relation to language levels /38
2.4 Degrees of productivity /38
2.5 Restrictions on productivity /39
2.5.1 Linguistic r estrictions /39
2.5.2 Extralinguistic restrictions on productivity /40
2.6 Measuring productivity /42
2.6.1 Measures based on type frequency /42
2.6.2 Measures based on token frequency /43
2.7 Productivity versus creativity /45
2.8 Prerequisites for productivity /45
2.9 The problem of estimating productivity in historical language studies /47
2.10 Conclusion /48
3.1 Formal and semantic correspondence between agents and instruments /51
Chapter 3: Nomina Agentis versus Nomina Instrumenti: The fuzziness of categorial borders /51
3.2 Attempts at isolating the categorial features for agents and instruments /52
3.3 Agents and instruments in the light of the theory of categorisation /55
3.4 Categories and categorisation in Cognitive Linguistics /58
3.5 Conclusion /60
4.1 Agents versus locatives /63
Chapter 4: Semantic, syntactic, and morphological properties of agent nouns /63
4.2 Agents versus experiencers /64
4.3 Agency and C ausality /66
4.4 Other semantic features of agents /67
4.5 Semantic relations between an agent noun and its motivating verbal base: Habitual versus actual agents /68
4.6 Denominal Nomina Agentis /70
4.7 Methods of deriving Nomina Agentis in Modern English /73
4.7.1 The suffix -ant/-ent /73
4.7.2 The suffix -ar /74
4.7.3 The suffix -ee /75
4.7.4 The suffix -er /76
4.7.5 The suffix -ess /80
4.7.6 The suffix -ic/-ician /80
4.7.7 The suffix -ist /81
4.7.8 The suffix -or /81
4.7.10 The suffix -Ø (conversion) /83
4.7.9 The suffix -ster /83
4.8 Conclusion /84
5.1 External history and its influence on language /85
Chapter 5: Early Modern English ― linguistic and cultural background /85
5.2 Attitudes to language /86
5.3 Vocabulary and word-formation /86
5.4 Semantic changes /87
5.5 Conclusion /95
6.1 Source material and data collection /97
Chapter 6: Agent nouns in Shakespeare’s plays /97
6.2 Definition and classification of agent nouns /98
6.3 General corpus characteristics /99
6.4a Unanalysable agent nouns /99
6.4b Semantic analysis /100
6.5 Analysable a gent n ouns /104
6.5.1 The suffix -er /105
6.5.1.1 Formal a nalysis /105
6.5.1.2 Semantic a nalysis /108
6.5.1.2.1 Deverbal a gent n ouns /108
6.5.1.2.2 Denominal agent nouns /110
6.5.1.3 Shakespeare’s neosemanticisms in -er /111
6.5.1.4 Shakespeare’s agentive neologisms in -er /112
6.5.1.4.1 Shakespeare’s agentive neologisms in -er: Semantics /113
6.5.1.4.2 Shakespeare’s agentive neologisms in -er: Institutionalisation /114
6.5.2 The suffix -or /114
6.5.2.1 Formal a nalysis /115
6.5.2.2 Semantic analysis /116
6.5.3 The semi-suffix -man /117
6.5.3.1 Formal a nalysis /118
6.5.3.2 Semantic analysis /119
6.5.4 The suffix -ess /121
6.5.4.1 Formal a nalysis /121
6.5.4.2 Semantic analysis /122
6.5.5 The suffix -ant /123
6.5.5.1 Formal a nalysis /123
6.5.5.2 Semantic analysis /124
6.5.6 The suffix -ist /125
6.5.6.1 Formal a nalysis /125
6.5.6.2 Semantic analysis /126
6.5.7 The suffix -ian/-ician /127
6.5.7.1 Formal analysis /128
6.5.7.2 Semantic a nalysis /128
6.5.8 The suffix -ster /129
6.5.8.1 Formal a nalysis /129
6.5.8.2 Semantic analysis /130
6.5.9 The suffix -eer /131
6.5.9.1 Formal a nalysis /131
6.5.9.2 Semantic a nalysis /131
6.5.10 The suffix -ar /132
6.6 Conclusion /132
Conclusions /137
Bibliography /139
Index of subjects /147
Index of scholars /149
Appendix: Shakespeare’s agentive neologisms /151
Streszczenie /153
Zusammenfassung /155

Introduction

Shakespeareanneologism,orforacontrastivejuxtapositionofaShakespearean

agentiveformationwiththeModernEnglishone.

Conceptually,themonographfallsintotwoparts:thetheoretical-descriptive,

whosemainaimistoformulateaworkingdeﬁnitionofanagent,aswellasto

developanappropriatemodelwithintheframeworksofwhichthestudycould

beconducted,whilethesecondpartisthepropermorphosemanticanalysisof

thesampleddata.

Structurally,theworkisdividedintosixchapters.Chapter1focuseson

theproblemofnominalisationsinselectedlinguistictheories,suchas,among

others,TGG,GS,andCognitiveLinguistics.Attentionisdrawnbothtothose

aspectsofagivengrammarwhichcouldproﬁtablybeemployedinthestudy

ofnominalisations,aswellastotheproblemsanddifﬁcultiesstemmingfrom

theholisticapplicationofagivenmodel.Theselectionoftheframeworksdis-

cussedinthechapterhasbeenmadewithaviewtodevelopthemethodology

thatcouldbesuccessfullyappliedtotheanalysisofthedatasampledinthe

corpusofShakespeare’splays.

Chapter2discussesthenotionofproductivityinword-formation.Different

modesoftheconceptualisation,operationalisation,andevaluationofproductiv-

ityaresurveyed,andaspecialemphasisisputontheproblemofestimating

theproductivityofagivenprocessinhistoricallanguagestudies.

Thefollowingtwochapters(3and4)relateNominaAgentistothetheory

ofcategorisation.Itisshownhowtheprototypesemantics,developedoriginally

byEleanorRoschandsubsequentlyborrowedbycognitivelinguists,canbeem-

ployedtodealwithfuzzyboundariesbetweensomelinguisticcategories,like,

forexample,NominaAgentisandNominaInstrumenti.Thetheoryalsoproves

effectiveinincorporatingdenominalperformersofactionsintothecategoryof

agents(theproblemisdiscussedinChapter4).Chapter4alsodiscussesﬁner

distinctionswithinsubjectnominalisations,forexample,thenotionofanex-

periencer.AbriefsurveyofModernEnglishmethodsofderivingagentnouns

canalsobefoundhere.

Chapter5presentsalinguisticandextralinguisticbackgroundofEarly

ModernEnglish.Itprovidesaninsightintoexternalandinternalfactorsthat

shapedthelanguageoftheShakespeareanepoch.Thechapterfocusesonissues

directlyconnectedwithword-buildingandwordmeaning,hencethediscussion

ofinternalfeaturesofthelanguagehasbeenrestrictedtoword-formationand

semanticchanges.

Chapter6istheempiricalpartofthestudy,whereShakespearean

agent-formingtechniquesarepresentedandanalysed.Eachsufﬁxisstudied

fromboththeformalandthesemanticperspective.Anattemptatevaluating

theproductivityofagivenprocessisalsomade.

Since,ashasbeenshowninChapter1,noneofthecurrentlyavailablethe-

oriesisinclusiveenoughtodealwiththecomplexaspectsofnominalisations,

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