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CHAPTERI
GeneralprinciplesofPolishcriminallaw
§1Principleofnullumcrimensinelege
AfundamentalprincipleofPolishcriminallawistheprincipleofnul-
lumcrimensinelege;thatis,Cthereisnocrimewithoutastatutelaw)
.Tis
principlefindsitssourceintheactsofinternationallaw.Mentionshould
bemadehereoftheprovisionofArticle11(2)ofthe1948UniversalDec-
larationofHumanRights,whichstatesthatnoonemaybeheldguiltyof
anycriminalofencebyreasonofanyactoromissionwhich,atthetime
whenitwascommitted,didnotconstituteaprohibitedactundernational
orinternationallaw.InaccordancewithArticle7(1)oftheEuropean
ConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsof4November1950,no
oneshallbeheldguiltyofanyactconsistingofanyactoromissiontoact
which,undernationalorinternationallaw,didnotconstituteacriminal
ofenceatthetimewhenitwascommitted.Asimilarnormisfoundin
theInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRightsof16December
1966.Article15(1)oftheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPolitical
Rightsof16December1966providesthatnooneshallbecondemned
foranactoromissionwhichdidnotconstituteanofenceundernational
orinternationallawatthetimewhenitwascommitted.Article49ofthe
CharterofFundamentalRightsoftheEuropeanUnionof2000contains
anessentiallyanalogousprovision.
InthePolishlegalorder,theprincipleofnullumcrimensinelegeis
formulatedinArticle42(1)oftheConstitutionoftheRepublicofPoland
of2April1997,accordingtowhichonlythosewhohavecommittedan
