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P.Dancdk,FamilyandPolisł
11
introducedintotheleadingpositions.10Plato’snotionofeducationisinspiredby
Spartaneducation.Hedemandsthatrulersbetrainedasprofessionalfighters
whowouldbeabletoactagainsteveryenemylfromoutsideorinside.
However,Plato’spursuitforperfectorganizationoflifebringsdangerof
totality.Hisideasoncommunityaredominatedbyapoliticalprinciplewhich
dictateshowtoeducatesoulinordertosecurestabilityofthestate.Bothgirls
andboys“weretobetakentothewarsonhorsebacktowatchthefighting,and,
whenitwassafe,broughtcloseuplikehoundstobegivenatasteofblood.”11
Thecharacteristicfeatureofthetotalitarianeducationisintenseandpermanent
mobilization.12TheidealrepublicofPlatotreatspeopleinthesamewayas
awiseandstrictshepherdtreatshissheeplnottooharsh,buthemustkeepa
distance.Whilerestoringthisidealstate,allseedsandelementsofdisunityand
decaymustbeeliminated;whichmeansthatthisperfectstateshallberestored
withanimageofSpartainmind.AccordingtoPlato,firstcomesthefunctioning
ofthestateasawholeandonlythentheproperlifeofamanwhichispresented
asinsertingofawheelintothegear.
AccordingtoKarlPopper,Plato’stotalitarianismishonest,assuperiorityof
oneclassoveranotherisaimedforthestabilityofthewholeandnotforexploita-
tionoftheworkingclasses.13Exploitationisheldwithinlimitsthataresupposed
tosecurestabilityofthewhole,becauseifguardiansattempttogetmore,itcan
easilyhappenthattheywillhavenothing.
[ł]ifeveraGuardiantriestomakehimselfhappyinsuchawaythathe
willbeaguardiannolonger;if,notcontentwiththemoderationandsecurity
ofthiswayoflivingwhichwethinkthebest,hebecomespossessedwith
somesillyandchildishnotionofhappiness,impellinghimtomakehispower
ameanstoappropriateallthecitizens’wealth,thenhewilllearnthewisdom
ofHesiod’ssayingthatthehalfismorethanthewhole.14
Thisrestrictionofclassprivilegesseeksstabilityofthewhole,too.Thus,
itisnotstrictutilitarianismintheformofcollectiveselfishness,butratheran
attempttodemonstratethemeaningoftheresponsibleacceptanceofone’srole
inthewholeuniverse.15
EvenifPlato’sphilosophyischronologicallyverydistant,itstillhassome-
thingtosay.Plato’sphilosophyemergesatthetimewhenpolisworlddisappears
10Strorig,Malédejinyfilozofie,125.
11TheRepublicofPlato,258;cf.167.
12Cf.KarlPopper,OtevřenáspolečnostajejinepřáteléI.,54.
13Cf.Popper,Otevřenáspolečnost,102.
14TheRepublicofPlato,167-68.
15Cf.DanielSlivka,“Odfilozofickejhermeneutikykbiblickejhermeneutike,”inHumanum:
MiędzynarodoweStudiaSpołeczno-Humanistyczne2(2008):35-45.
